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INVESTMENT AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
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留學生畢業dissertationA. International Organizations offering Investment-Related Information
B. Investment/Development Banks and Funds and Corresponding Initiatives
C. Further Websites that offer Investment-Related Information
D. National Sources on Investment
E. Selected Reading
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A. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OFFERING INVESTMENT-RELATED INFORMATION
Asia-Africa Investment and Technology Promotion Centre (AAITPC)
http://www.unido-aaitpc.org/unido-aaitpc/new1/about.html
The Asia-Africa Investment and Technology Promotion Centre has been established to promote business linkages in the form of investment, trade and technology transfer from Asia to Africa. Within the framework of South-South cooperation, the centre is helping business communities and institutional partners in both Asia and Africa to identify business opportunities and to create a mutually beneficial win-win situation.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
http://www.apec.org/
The Committee on Trade and Investment (CTI) is APEC’s voice on global trade and investment issues. It is the coordinating body for all of APEC’s work on trade and investment liberalization and facilitation. To encourage and facilitate free and open investment in the region, the Investment Experts Group assists the Committee in its efforts to enhance transparency of investment regimes, facilitate investment activities and promote investment liberalization within the region. Work in this area also intends to provide an opportunity for private sector and government officials to exchange views on investment issues. The page offers information on the latest developments in the work of the group, key outcomes, investment-related links, news, publications and relevant contacts. The APEC Finance Ministers’ Process (FMP) provides an annual forum for APEC Member Economies to exchange views and information on regional financial developments and to pursue cooperative programmes that promote financial sector development and liberalization.
Asian Clearing Union (ACU)
http://www.asianclearingunion.org/
The Asian Clearing Union (ACU) was established in 1974 as a form of payment arrangements whereby the members settle payments for intra-regional transactions among the participating central banks on a multilateral basis. The main objectives are to facilitate payments among member countries for eligible transactions, thereby economizing on the use of foreign exchange reserves and transfer costs, and to promote trade among the participating countries. ACU’s members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The website offers information on the history, purposes and organization of ACU; information on the agreement, procedure rules, swap facility; monthly newsletters; publications; etc.#p#分頁標題#e#
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
http://www.aseansec.org
In the area of Investment, ASEAN’s website offers access to information on investment agreements, ASEAN investment area, investment climate, compendium of investment policies, handbook on investment agreements, statistics and the ASEAN supporting industries database. It also offers access to member countries information and links. China-ASEAN Net provides business information guides on ASEAN, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam which include information on economy, laws and regulations, as well as investment information.
OECD, Investment Topic
http://www.oecd.org/topic/0,2686,en_2649_34529562_1_1_1_1_34529562,00.html
A core mission of the OECD is to enhance the contribution of international investment to growth and sustainable development worldwide by promoting investment policy reform and international cooperation. The OECD Investment Committee provides a forum for international cooperation, policy analysis and advice to Governments on how best to enhance the positive contribution of investment worldwide. The investment website serves as a gateway to various topics, including investment for development; multinational enterprises; corporate responsibility; international investment agreements; statistics, research and analysis; investment instruments;
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export credit arrangement; etc. The Centre for Cooperation with Non-members Economies (CCNM) fosters and manages the dialogue with transition and emerging market economies and some developing countries. Important features of the investment dialogue are the declaration and decisions on international investment and multinational enterprises and the policy framework for investment.
UNCTAD, FDI page
http://www.unctad.org/Templates/StartPage.asp?intItemID=2527&lang=1
To increase understanding of issues related to FDI and enhance its benefits for developing countries, UNCTAD analyzes FDI trends and their impact on development; compiles data on FDI; provides advisory services and training on international investment issues; helps developing countries improve policies and institutions that deal with FDI; and helps these countries participate in international negotiations on investment. The website offers access to comprehensive information, including the World Investment Directory, World Investment Report; Global Investment Prospects Assessment (GIPA); Investment Policy Reviews (IPR); International Investment Agreements (IIA); Advisory Services on Investment and Training (ASIT); Investment Guides; data and tools; latest research and much more. UNCTAD also maintains a searchable database on bilateral investment treaties (BITs) that compiles about 1800 BITs .
World Trade Organization (WTO)
http://www.wto.org
The Trade and Investment Topic focuses on three main areas of work, namely a working group that conducts analytical work on the relationship between trade and investment; the Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (“TRIMs Agreement”); and the General Agreement on Trade in Services which addresses foreign investment in services as one of four modes of supply of services.#p#分頁標題#e#
B. INVESTMENT/DEVELOPMENT BANKS AND FUNDS AND CORRESPONDING INITIATIVES
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
http://www.adb.org
The Asian Development Bank is a multilateral development finance institution dedicated to reducing poverty in Asia and the Pacific. Private sector finance activities focus on supporting private sector projects with clear development impact in the financial sector or infrastructure sector. ADB’s role is to mobilize funding from local and foreign sources. Activities in this area include local currency financing; trade finance facilitation; housing finance; and resolution of non-performing assets. ADB also engages in microfinance to ensure permanent access to institutional financial services for the region’s poor and their small businesses.
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
http://www.bis.org
The Bank for International Settlements is an international organization which fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks. It acts as a forum to promote discussion and policy analysis among central banks and within the international financial community; a centre for economic and monetary research; a prime counterparty for central banks in their financial transactions; and an agent or trustee in connection with international financial operations.
Black Sea Trade and Development Bank (BSTDB)
http://www.bstdb.org
The Black Sea Trade and Development Bank is an international financial institution established by Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, the Russian Federation, Turkey and Ukraine. The bank supports economic development and regional cooperation by providing trade and project financing, guarantees, and equity for development projects supporting both public and private enterprises in its member countries.
FDI Promotion Center
http://www.fdipromotion.com/
The FDI Promotion Center was developed by the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) to offer investment promotion practitioners with online access to a growing collection of resources and tools that support organizations seeking to attract and retain FDI. Users find resources to research prospective investors, as well as tools and best practice examples to help structure operations and activities. The website includes Toolkit modules to learn the basic components of investment promotion, strategies and marketing efforts; Promotional - 2 -
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Tools to review the latest in best practices, samples and case studies across a range of promotional disciplines; Investor Research, featuring more than 700 links to resources on sectors and companies to help streamline the targeting process; IPAworks to help create a distinctive web presence and enhanced investor outreach capabilities by tapping into an open source template that requires very little programming support; etc.
Foreign Investment Advisory Service (FIAS)
http://www.fias.net/#p#分頁標題#e#
The Foreign Investment Advisory Service advises developing country Governments on how to attract and retain FDI and maximize their impact on poverty reduction. It is a joint service of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the World Bank. FIAS identifies practices that impede productive FDI, designs financially and politically practical plans of action and supports their clients through all phases of transition and implementation. The website offers information on the advisory process and services provided by FIAS; reviews and updates on projects in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean; and resources on FDI, including research papers, country reports and conference presentations.
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
http://www.worldbank.org/icsid/
The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes assists in mediation or conciliation of investment disputes between Governments and private foreign investors. ICSID is an autonomous international organization, with close links with the World Bank. ICSID provides facilities for the conciliation and arbitration of disputes between member countries and investors who qualify as nationals of other member countries.
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
http://www.ifc.org/enviro/
The International Finance Corporation, the private sector investment arm of the World Bank Group, is a global investor and advisor committed to promoting sustainable projects in developing member countries that are economically beneficial, financially and commercially sound, and environmentally and socially sustainable. IFC also develops innovative financial products; provides technical assistance; and promotes corporate social responsibility.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
http://www.imf.org/
The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 184 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, and promote high employment and sustainable economic growth. The IMF works in three main areas, namely monitoring of economic and financial developments, and the provision of policy advice, aimed especially at crisis-prevention; lending to countries with balance of payments difficulties, to provide temporary financing and to support policies aimed at correcting the underlying problems; and providing countries with technical assistance and training in its areas of expertise. In recent years, as part of its efforts to strengthen the international financial system, and to enhance its effectiveness at preventing and resolving crises, the IMF has applied both its surveillance and technical assistance work to the development of standards and codes of good practice in its areas of responsibility, and to the strengthening of financial sectors.
Investment Promotion Network (IPAnet)
http://www.ipanet.net/index.cfm
As part of MIGA’s mandate to enhance FDI in developing regions, the Investment Promotion Network is the leading international investment-specific portal website providing free access to online foreign investment and privatization resources. It provides an extensive searchable database of over 10,000 web-based documents, which include research on economies and product markets, investment-related laws and treaties to specific investment opportunities. These resources, catalogued by country, sector and topic, are obtained primarily from the World Bank Group, investment promotion agencies and privatization agencies.#p#分頁標題#e#
Islamic Development Bank
http://www.isdb.org/
The Islamic Development Bank is an international financial institution established to foster the economic development and social progress of member countries and Muslim communities individually as well as jointly in accordance with the principles of Shari’ah i.e., Islamic Law. The functions of the bank are to participate in equity capital and grant loans for projects and enterprises besides providing financial assistance to member
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countries in other forms for economic and social development. It is also sets up and operates special funds for specific purposes, including a fund for assistance to Muslim communities in non-member countries.
Joint External Debt Hub (JEDH)
http://www.jedh.org/
The Joint External Debt Hub is jointly developed by the BIS, the IMF, the OECD and the World Bank. It brings brings together external debt data and selected foreign assets from international creditor/market and national debtor sources. JEDH provides international data, mainly from creditor sources, on the external debt of developing and transition countries and territories.
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
http://www.miga.org/
The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency is a multilateral risk mitigator, promoting foreign direct investment (FDI) into developing countries by insuring investors against political or noncommercial risks; mediating disputes between investors and Governments; advising Governments on attracting investment; and sharing information through online investment information services. MIGA has created FDI Xchange, an e-mail alert service that allows users to receive customized e-mail updates featuring country analysis and investment opportunities in emerging markets.
OPEC Fund for International Development
http://www.opecfund.org
The OPEC Fund for International Development is an intergovernmental development finance institution established by the member states of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). It aims to promote cooperation between OPEC member countries and other developing countries as an expression of South-South solidarity. It extends concessionary financial assistance in the form of loans for development projects and programmes and for balance of payments support; provides grants in support of technical assistance, food aid, research and similar activities, and humanitarian emergency relief; contributes to the resources of other development institutions whose work benefits developing countries; serves OPEC member countries as an agent in the international financial arena; and participates in the financing of private sector activities in developing countries.
PrivatizationLink
http://www.privatizationlink.com/
PrivatizationLink is a service that provides information on current investment opportunities arising from privatization in developing countries and economies in transition. Launched and maintained by MIGA, it features detailed profiles of enterprises slated for divestiture in emerging markets. The database of background data features fact sheets summarizing the status of the privatization programme in key countries and regions; information on the institutions involved in privatization in each country; details of the privatization programme and progress to date; and details of the relevant laws and bidding procedures. It also includes a Practitioners’ Corner, which features World Bank case studies in privatization, historical statistics on past transactions, downloadable resources for privatization agencies as well as directories of privatization professionals in Government and multilateral organizations, in addition to private sector experts.#p#分頁標題#e#
World Bank
http://www.worldbank.org
The Private Sector Development webpage offers best practice public policy advice for private sector led growth in developing countries. Topics include Foreign Direct Investment, Investment Climate, Privatization, etc. An important website made available by the World Bank is Doing Business which provides objective measures of business regulations and their enforcement. The Doing Business indicators are comparable across 155 economies and indicate the regulatory costs of business and can be used to analyze specific regulations that enhance or constrain investment, productivity and growth. The World Banks Financial Sector Vice Presidency works with client countries and partners to develop deep, broad and efficient financial sectors beneficial to all members of society; build capacity to lessen the potential for financial crises; and improve the integrity and credibility of financial institutions. Issues covered by this section include anti-money laundering; inclusive financial systems; capital and risk markets; Islamic finance; etc. Furthermore, the World Bank offers a variety of statistical databases, including a global development finance database and a new database on FDI. - 4 -
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C. FURTHER WEBSITES THAT OFFER INVESTMENT-RELATED INFORMATION
Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC)
http://www.pecc.org
The Pacific Economic Cooperation Council is a partnership of senior individuals from business and industry, Government, academic and other intellectual circles that meet to discuss current policy issues of the Asia-Pacific region. The Finance Forum network brings together finance and financial policy from PECC’s 23 member committees to shape the policies for financial stability. The page offers information on financial cooperation in the region; access to working papers, statements and reports, as well as news and relevant contacts.
The Pacific Islands Trade and Investment Commission (PITIC), Australia
http://www.sptc.gov.au/
The Pacific Islands Trade and Investment Commission Australia works towards the sustainable economic advancement of the Pacific Island Forum countries by promoting trade and investment with Australia. PITIC works closely with a network of Governments and private sector agencies in the islands and, through a 5-year strategic plan, supports Pacific Island Governments and the private sector to improve their capabilities in enterprise and export development; tourism potential and attraction and retention of foreign investment inflows including from within the region. The website offers access to newsletters and publications, information on member countries and the region, and more.
The Pacific Islands Trade and Investment Commission (PITIC), New Zealand
http://www.pitic.org.nz/index/id/niHuvVhD.html
PITIC New Zealand aims to improve the incomes and quality of life of people in the Pacific region by building a strong sustainable and competitive private sector. Its mission is to be the leading agent in the New Zealand market that promotes and develops trade, investment and tourism for the Forum Islands private sector. In the area of investment is provides financial assistance through the marketing support; investment publications; Pacific investment contacts; information on investment opportunities and country statistics.#p#分頁標題#e#
Invest Pacific
http://www.investpacific.com/
Invest Pacific provides a short economic overview and links to specialized investment-related organizations in Cook Islands; Federated States of Micronesia; Fiji; Marshall Islands; Nauru; Niue; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu and Vanuatu.
Association of Development Financing Institutions in Asia and the Pacific (ADFIAP)
http://www.adfiap.org
The Association of Development Financing Institutions in Asia and the Pacific is the focal point of all development banks and other financial institutions engaged in the financing of development in the Asia-Pacific region. Its mission is to advance sustainable development through its members. ADFIAP has currently 66 member-institutions in 32 countries. The page offers information on the organization, members, reports and publications, news and links.
World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA)
http://www.waipa.org/
The World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (IPA) is a non-governmental organization that acts as a forum for investment promotion agencies to provide networking opportunities and facilitate the exchange of best practices in investment promotion. WAIPA aims to improve cooperation amongst IPAs on a regional and global basis and facilitate the exchange of experiences in attracting FDI.
Business Information Source for the Newly Independent States (BISNIS)
http://www.bisnis.doc.gov
This page aims to informs United States-based companies about specific resources available that provide financing, funding, and insurance for business activities in the Newly Independent States (NIS). The page offers links to relevant finance programmes, work of multilateral agencies, relevant reports and contacts. The Finance website serves as a comprehensive gateway to finance and investment-related information for the region. BISNIS also informs on events and leads and provides industry reports as well as detailed reports for the region at large and the following ESCAP member States: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
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Development Gateway, resources on FDI
http://www.developmentgateway.org
The Development Gateway’s FDI topic page is designed to catalogue and disseminate the most important recent information on FDI, international business and multinational enterprises, covering a wide spectrum of issues. MIGA, in cooperation with FIAS and UNCTAD, moderates this topic page, contributing new resources and content on a regular basis.
ELDIS Finance Policy Resource Guide
http://www.eldis.org/finance/index.htm
ELDIS is a gateway to information on development issues, providing free access to wide range of high quality online resources. ELDIS provides summaries and links to online documents. It offers a directory of websites, databases, library catalogues and email discussion lists.#p#分頁標題#e#
D. NATIONAL SOURCES ON INVESTMENT
Member States
Information Source
URL
Afghanistan
Afghanistan Investment Support Agency
http://www.aisa.org.af/
Ministry of Finance
http://www.mof.gov.af/english/index.htm
Domestic and Foreign Investment Law (December 6, 2005)
http://www.aisa.org.af/Laws/New-Investment-Law.pdf
Armenia
Embassy of the Republic of Armenia
http://www.armeniaemb.org/BusinessEconomy/Index.htm
Law of the Republic of Armenia “On Foreign Investments”
http://www.businessarmenia.com/Law_on_Foreign_Investments.pdf
Ministry of Finance and Economy
http://www.mfe.gov.am/mfeengweb/indexeng.htm
Australia
Australian Securities and Investment Commission
http://www.asic.gov.au/asic/asic.nsf
Foreign Investment Acts and Regulations
http://www.firb.gov.au/content/fata.asp?NavID=11
Foreign Investment Review Board
http://www.firb.gov.au
Invest Australia
http://www.investaustralia.gov.au/
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Export and Investment Promotion Foundation
http://www.azerinvest.com/eng/index.php
Legal Framework for Foreign Investments in Azerbaijan
http://www.economy.gov.az/HTML/Investments/Legal%20framework%20-%20final-1.03.06.doc
Ministry of Economic Development
http://www.economy.gov.az/HTML/Investments/index.htm
Bangladesh
Bangladesh Bank
http://www.bangladesh-bank.org/investpr/invesfac.html
Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority
http://www.epzbangladesh.org.bd/
Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 1980
http://www.vakilno1.com/saarclaw/bangladesh/guidetoinvestment/guide_to_investment_in_banglades.htm
Info on Investment Incentives
http://www.bizinfo-bangladesh.com/investment_incentives.php
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UNESCAP Traders’ Manual for Least Developed Countries: Bangladesh. Part 4: Investing in Bhutan
http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/t&ipub2331_part4.pdf
Bhutan
Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industry – Foreign Investment Policy
http://www.bcci.org.bt/FDI%20Policy.pdf
UNESCAP Traders’ Manual for Least Developed Countries: BHUTAN. Part 4: Investing in Bhutan
http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/t&ipub2297_part4.pdf
Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Economic Development Board
http://www.bedb.com.bn/
Brunei International Financial Centre
http://www.bifc.finance.gov.bn/
Cambodia
Cambodia Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC), Cambodian Investment Board (CIB)
http://www.cambodiainvestment.gov.kh/
Laws and Regulations on Investment
http://www.cambodiainvestment.gov.kh/law%20&%20regulation/investment%20law.htm
UNESCAP Traders’ Manual for Least Developed Countries: Cambodia. Part 4: Investing in Bhutan
http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/t&ipub2320_part4.pdf#p#分頁標題#e#
China
Invest in China
http://www.fdi.gov.cn/index.htm
Legal Database
http://www.fdi.gov.cn/ltlawpackage/index.jsp?app=1&language=en&category=&currentPage=1
Democratic Republic of Korea
n/a
Federated States of Micronesia
Foreign Investment Act of 1997
http://www.fsminvest.fm/fsm/docs/act.pdf
Foreign Investment Regulations
of the Federated States of Micronesia, 1998
http://www.fsminvest.fm/fsm/docs/regulations.pdf
http://www.ttc-switch.com/dissertation_writing/Foreign Investment Regulations of the Federated States of Micronesia
http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/regulations/forinvreg.htm
Government of the Federated States of Micronesia
http://www.fsmgov.org/info/fi.html
Investment Guide Federated States of Micronesia
http://www.fsminvest.fm/
Fiji
Fiji Island Trade and Investment Bureau
http://www.ftib.org.fj/
Foreign Investment Act (FIA) 1999; and Foreign Investment (Amendment) Act 2004
http://www.ftib.org.fj/invest-fiji-foreign-act.cfm
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Invest in Fiji
http://www.investinfiji.com/ipa_default.asp
Georgia
Assessment of Investment Climate in Georgia
http://www.gipa.ge/data/pdf/inv_cl_res.pdf
Georgian National Investment and Export Promotion Agency (GNIEPA)
http://www.investingeorgia.org/
Investment Guide of the American Chamber of Commerce in Georgia
http://www.investmentguide.ge/
Investment Laws
http://www.investingeorgia.org/en/legislation/investment/
India
Foreign Investment Implementation Authority
http://dipp.nic.in/fiia_dipp.htm
India Finance and Investment Guide
http://www.finance.indiamart.com/investment_in_india/index.html
India Infoline
http://www.indiainfoline.com/lega/foin/cont.html
Indian Investment Centre
http://iic.nic.in/
Investor Guidance: Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion
http://dipp.nic.in/invest_guide.htm
Indonesia
Investment Coordination Board
http://www.bkpm.go.id/
Laws on Investment
http://www.bkpm.go.id/en/law.php?mode=baca&catinfo_id=1&t=Laws%20and%20Regulations
Regulations related to Investment
http://www.bkpm.go.id/en/law.php?mode=baca&catinfo_id=2&law_id=1&t=Laws%20and%20Regulations
Islamic Republic of Iran
Foreign Investment Promotion And Protection Act ( FIPPA) http://www.salamiran.org/Economy/investment_law.html
Iran Export: Information for foreign investment in Iran
http://www.iran-export.com/invcli/index.htm
Organization for Investment, Economic & Technical Assistance of Iran (OIETAI)
http://www.iraninvestment.org/
Japan
JETRO External Trade Organization – Investing in Japan
http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/, or http://www.investjapan.org/#p#分頁標題#e#
Laws & Regulations on Setting Up Business in Japan
http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/setting_up/
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan Investment Promotion Centre KAZINVEST
http://www.kazinvest.kz/en/?Home
Law 373-II of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Investments of 8 January 2003
http://www.kazinvest.kz/en/index.php?download=Law on Investment.pdf
Resolution of Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 436 of 8 May 2003
http://www.kazinvest.kz/en/index.php?download=Resolution.pdf
Kiribati
Invest in Kiribati
http://www.investinkiribati.com/
Legislation and Policy Guidelines
http://www.investinkiribati.com/IPA_Information.asp
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Kyrgyzstan
Investment Round Table
http://www.investment.kg/en/
Ministry of External Trade and Industry
http://www.mvtp.kg/main.php?lang=en `
The Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on Investments in the Kyrgyz Republic
http://www.investment.kg/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=67
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Department of Domestic and Foreign Investment (DDFI)
http://invest.laopdr.org/
Law on the Promotion of Foreign Investment
http://invest.laopdr.org/investlaw04.pdf
UNESCAP Traders’ Manual for Least Developed Countries: Laos People’s Democratic Republic: Part 4: Investing in Bhutan
http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/tipub2390_part4.pdf
Malaysia
Malaysian Industrial Development Authority
http://www.mida.gov.my/
Melaka State Investment Centre
http://www.msic.com.my/
Maldives
Foreign Investment Service Bureau
http://www.investmaldives.com/home.htm
Law on Foreign Investments in the Republic of Maldives
http://www.trademin.gov.mv/Pages/Site%20Files/law/Law-on-fi.html
Ministry of Trade and Industries: Foreign Investment Guidelines
http://www.trademin.gov.mv/Pages/Site%20Files/Regulation/Guidelines.html
Marshall Islands
Invest in Marshall Islands
http://www.investinrmi.com/ipa_default.asp
Mongolia
2005 Mongolia Country Commercial Guide, prepared and distributed by the commercial section of the United States Embassy, Ulaabaatar
http://ulaanbaatar.usembassy.gov/uploads/images/Ql5S9JaDoXe4WZQPqEtjuQ/2005_Mongolia_Country_Commercial_Guide.pdf
Foreign Investment and Foreign Trade Agency
www.investmongolia.com
Legislation of Mongolia, incl. law on foreign investment
http://www.investmongolia.com/index.php?sel=menu&mn=4_8
Myanmar
Investment in Myanmar
http://www.myanmar.com/gov/trade/inv.htm
Nauru
Invest in Pacific – Nauru
http://www.investpacific.com/nauru/ipa_default.asp
Nepal
Federations of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry
http://www.fncci.org/
Foreign Investment Promotion Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Supplies#p#分頁標題#e#
http://www.yomari.com/fips/
Ministry of Finance: Possible Projects for Investment by Non Resident Nepali or Private Sectors
http://www.mof.gov.np/invest/index.php
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The Foreign Investment and
Technology Transfer Act 1992
http://www.fncci.org/fitta92.pdf
New Zealand
Investment New Zealand
http://www.investmentnz.govt.nz/
Pakistan
Board of Investment
http://www.pakboi.gov.pk/
Palau
Invest in Pacific: Palau
http://www.investpacific.com/palau.htm
Papua New Guinea
Invest in Papua New Guinea
http://www.investinpng.com/ipa_default.asp
Philippines
Department of Trade and Industry
http://www.dti.gov.ph/contentment/9/60/65/207.jsp#
Foreign Investment Act, 1991
http://www.boi.gov.ph/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/BOIINDEXPAGE/INVESTMENT%20LAWS%20AND%20POLICIES/INVESTMENT%20LAWS/E.O.%20226/FIA-LAW.PDF
Omnibus Investment Act,
http://www.boi.gov.ph/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/BOIINDEXPAGE/INVESTMENT%20LAWS%20AND%20POLICIES/INVESTMENT%20LAWS/E.O.%20226/EXECUTIVE%20ORDER%20NO.%20226.PDF
Philippine Board of Investment
http://www.boi.gov.ph/
Philippine Economic Zone Authority
http://www.peza.gov.ph/
Republic of Korea
Invest Korea
http://www.investkorea.org
Korea Trade Investment Promotion Agency (KOTRA)
http://english.kotra.or.kr/
Russian Federation (the)
Foreign Investment Promotion Center
http://www.fipc.ru/fipc2001/
North-West development and investment promotion agency (ANO)
http://investa.spb.ru/en/
Samoa
Invest in Pacific: Samoa
http://www.mcilsamoa.ws/ipa_default.asp
Singapore
Economic Development Board (EDB): Singapore Investment Guide
http://www.edb.gov.sg/edb/sg/en_uk/index/our_services/investors/investor_guide.html
Solomon Islands
Invest Solomon Islands
http://www.investsolomons.com/ipa_default.asp
Sri Lanka
Board of Investments Sri Lanka
http://www.boi.lk/Splash/index.asp
Tajikistan
Law on Foreign Investment in the Republic of Tajikistan
http://www.tajik-gateway.org/index.phtml?lang=en&id=441
Tajik Gateway
http://www.tajik-gateway.org/
Thailand
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Board of Investment
http://www.boi.go.th/english/
Thailand Outlook: Gateway to Thailand for Investors
http://www.thailandoutlook.com/thailandoutlook1/
Timor-Leste
Investment and Export Promotion Agency
http://www.turismotimorleste.com/en/institutional/tradeinvest/
Tonga
n/a
Turkey
Foreign Investment Legislation
http://www.treasury.gov.tr/realsectorleg.htm
Invest in Turkey
http://www.investinturkey.gov.tr/cms/index.php?l=2
Turkish Treasury
http://www.treasury.gov.tr
Turkmenistan
Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, D. C.#p#分頁標題#e#
http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/business/business.html
Tuvalu
Invest Tuvalu
http://www.investintuvalu.tv
Uzbekistan
Legislation on Economy and Trade
http://www.uzbekistan.org/economy_and_trade/legislation/laws/
Uzbekistan Gateway: FDI Promotion
http://www.gateway.uz/index.php?lng=1&topic=2&subtopic=0
Uzbekistan: Business and Investment Guide July 2005
http://www.pwcglobal.com/cs/eng/ins-sol/publ/pwc_uz_businessguide.pdf
Vanuatu
Invest in Vanuatu
http://www.vanuatuinvest.vu/ipa_default.asp
Vanuatu Investment Promotion Authority
http://www.investinvanuatu.com/
Viet Nam
Investment and Trade Promotion Centre
http://www.itpc.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/
Law on Foreign Investment
http://www.mpi.gov.vn/fdi/Bangbieu/9D733_Law_on_FDI_1996+2000.DOC
Laws and Regulations on Foreign Investment
http://www.itpc.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/en/fdi_guide/laws_and_regulations_on_foreign_investment_in_vietnam
Ministry of Planning and Investment
http://www.mpi.gov.vn/fdi/?Lang=2
Trade & Investment Guide, Viet Nam Trade Office in the United States of America
http://www.vietnam-ustrade.org/Eng/trade_&_investment_guide.htm
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Last updated June 2006
Associate Members
Information Source
URL
American Samoa
Samoan Government
http://www.government.as/
Cook Islands
Cook Islands Invest
http://www.cookislands-invest.com/ipa_default.asp
French Polynesia
Investor’s Guidebook: French Polynesia
http://www.tahiti-invest.com/attente/guidea.pdf
Guam
Guam Economic Development Authority
http://www.investguam.com/home.htm
Hong Kong, China
http://www.investhk.gov.hk/pages/1/329.aspx
Macao, China
Macau Trade and Investment Promotion Institute
http://www.ipim.gov.mo/
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Economic Development Agency (ADECAL)
http://www.adecal.nc/English%20Version/index_whole.htm
Niue
Invest in Pacific: Niue
http://www.investpacific.com/niue.htm
Northern Mariana Islands
Commonwealth Development Authority (CDA)
http://www.cda.gov.mp/
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Last updated June 2006
E. SELECTED READING
FDI Magazine
http://www.fdimagazine.com/
The FDI Magazine is a bi-monthly magazine from the Financial Times Business designed to help investment promotion agencies understand how and why successful regions attract inward investment. The magazine requires subscription but some of the resources from their web page, such as country reports, sectoral information, news and details of FDI-related events, etc. are available for free.
Finance and Development
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/fda.htm
IMF’s publication Finance and Development is a quarterly magazine, covering more in-depth articles on current finance and development trends.#p#分頁標題#e#
Foreign Direct Investment, Development and Gender Equity: A Review of Research and Policy. January 2006. Available online (PDF-Format, 58 pages, 496 KB). United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.
This paper provides a summary of the empirical and policy-related literature on the various relationships between gender inequalities and FDI. The literature on gender and FDI is evaluated with reference to the broader literature on FDI and economic development, new research directions are identified and the policy implications of managing FDI for development and gender equity are discussed. The paper reviews the research on the impact of FDI on investment, productivity, trade, employment, wages and working conditions, and finds few of the straightforward conclusions that the popularity of FDI as a tool for development would seem to indicate.
Accessed on 25 May 2006
<http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/search/5159E5733338C836C12571390033F5E2?OpenDocument&cntxt=05994&cookielang=en#top>
Foreign direct investment, regulations, and growth. April 2006. Available online (PDF-Format, 26 pages, 300 KB). Worldbank Policy Research Working Paper.
This paper explores the linkage between income growth rates and FDI inflows. The authors find that the evidence is rather mixed, as no robust relationship between FDI and income growth has been established. They stipulate that countries need a sound business environment in the form of good government regulations to be able to benefit from FDI. Using a comprehensive data set for regulations, they test this hypothesis and find evidence that excessive regulations restrict growth through FDI only in the most regulated economies.
Accessed on 29 May 2006
<http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2006/04/14/000016406_20060414121859/Rendered/PDF/wps3882.pdf >
The Causal Relationship between ICT and FDI. June 2005. Available online (PDF-Format, 21 pages, 207 KB). UNU-WIDER.
This paper investigates the simultaneous causal relationship between investments in information and communication technology (ICT) and flows of FDI, with reference to its implications on economic growth. For the empirical analysis the authors use data from 23 major countries with heterogeneous economic development for the period 1976–1999. The data suggests that there is a causal relationship from ICT to FDI in developed countries, which means that a higher level of ICT investment leads to an increase inflow of FDI. ICT may contribute to economic growth indirectly by attracting more FDI. Contrarily, the authors could not find significant causality from ICT to FDI in developing countries. Instead, they have partial evidence of opposite causality relationship. The inflow of FDI causes further increases in ICT investment and production capacity.
Accessed on 29 May < http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/rps/rps2005/rp2005-26.pdf >
Tourism Investment Guide in the Pacific Islands. March 2003. Available online (PDF-Format, 120 pages, 1.12 MB). Pacific Islands Trade and Investment Commission.#p#分頁標題#e#
This publication is designed primarily to provide potential investors targeting the Pacific Islands region with an introduction to the tourism industry and investment climate that exists in each country. The document covers Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. The first part of this publication takes a broad overview of various aspects of the investment climate across the range of Pacific Island countries. The second part looks at the trends in international tourism, while the last part looks at each country individually.
Accessed on 25 May 2006 < http://www.sptc.gov.au/pdfdocs/publications/publi-13914-200601.pdf >
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Last updated June 2006
Trade, FDI and the Organization of Firms. March 2006. Available online (PDF-Format, 52 pages, 550 KB). NBER Working Paper No. 12091.
This publication starts out stating that although traditional trade theory has much to offer in explaining parts of the changes in trade and investment patterns, other parts required new approaches. Particularly acute has been the need to model alternative forms of involvement of business firms in foreign activities, because organizational change has been central in the transformation of the world economy. This paper reviews the literature that has emerged from these efforts. The theoretical refinements have focused on the individual firm, studying its choices in response to its own characteristics, the nature of the industry in which it operates, and the opportunities afforded by foreign trade and investment. Important among these choices are organizational features, such as sourcing strategies. But the theory has gone beyond the individual firm, studying the implications of firm behavior for the structure of industries. It provides new explanations for trade structure and patterns of FDI, both within and across industries, and has identified new sources of comparative advantage.
Accessed on 25 May < http://papers.nber.org/papers/W12091 >
The Role of Public Investment in Poverty Reduction: Theories, Evidence and Methods. March 2006. Available online (PDF-Format, 40 pages, 341 KB). Overseas Development Institute.
This paper explores the linkages between public investment, growth and poverty reduction, with the aim of providing an overall view of existing theories, evidence and methods, and of examining ways to provide better guidance to policy-makers in the use of available techniques and information to set priorities for public investment. This is particularly important at present, as again there exists pressure to substantially increase public investment in developing countries, because of the slow rates of progress toward the targets contained in the Millennium Development Goals.
Accessed on 29 May 2006 < http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp263.pdf >
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http://www.ttc-switch.com/dissertation_writing/The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
© 2006 United Nations - 14 -