APA Style 1
APA Style—Reference List/In-Text
This handout is meant to give you a broad overview of the kind of information needed for a reference list page. It is by no means comprehensive. For specific information on documenting particular sources, consult a style guide such as Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association or A Writer's Reference. When using the reference list information below, skip any information not provided by your source. For instance, if a book has no author, begin the entry with the title of the book followed by the date. To conserve space, the examples have been single-spaced; however, in an actual reference list, all entries should be double-spaced.
APA Reference List
Print Sources
Book
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year of publication). Title of the book. City: Publisher.
Meyer, E., & Smith, L. Z. (1987). The practical tutor. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chapter in an Edited Book
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year of publication). Title of the article. In editor's name (Ed.), Title of the book (pages of the article). City: Publisher.
Flower, L., Hayes, J. R., Carey, L., Schriver, K., & Stratman, J. (1986). Detection, diagnosis, and strategies of revision. In L. Ede (Ed.), The Braddock essays (pp. 191-228). Boston: Bedford St. Martin's.
Periodical—Journal Paginated by Issue
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pages of the article.
Szasz, T. (2004). Protecting patients against psychiatric intervention. Social Science and Modern Society, 41(3), 7-9.
Periodical—Journal Paginated by Volume
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Title of Periodical, Volume, pages of the article.
Weber, E. U., Shafir, S., & Blais, A. (2004). Predicting risk sensitivity in humans and lower animals: Risk as variance or coefficient of variation. Psychological Review, 111, 430-445.
Periodical—Magazines
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year, date of publication). Title of the article. Title of Periodical, Volume, pages of the article.
Schwartz, P. (2002, June). Love is not all you need. Psychology Today, 35, 57-62.
APA Style 2
Periodical—Newspapers
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year, date of publication). Title of the article. Title of Periodical, pages of the article.
Martinez, A. (2004, May 5). Questions arise about liability. The Sun, pp. A1, A6.
Electronic Sources
Article from an Internet-only Journal
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue). Retrieval date, from URL
Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Barton, S. M. (2003). Collegiate academic dishonesty revisited: What have they done, how often have they done it, who does it, and why did they do it? Electronic Journal of Sociology, 7(4). Retrieved May 5, 2004, from http:// www.sociology.org/content/vol7.4/lambert_etal.html#p#分頁標題#e#
Journal Article from a Database
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Title of Periodical, Volume, pages of the article. Retrieval date, from database (document number).
Troyer, L., & Younts, C. W. (1997). Whose expectations matter? The relative power of first- and second- order expectations in determining social influence. The American Journal of Sociology, 103, 692-743. Retrieved May 5, 2004, from Expanded Academic ASAP database (A20317868).
Non Periodical Web Document
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Date of publication). Title of the document. Retrieval date, from URL
Poore, S. (2000). Ethnomethodology—An introduction. Retrieved May 6, 2004, from http:// www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uk/CURRIC/soc/ethno/intro.htm
APA In-Text
APA uses an author-date system of in-text citation. Each of the samples below is followed by the entry that would appear on the reference list page.
In-Text Citation for a QuotationInclude the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number.
In-TextSzasz (2004) commented, "We are hypocrites if we ignore who the parties are that support the enactment of mental health laws and deny patients the option of rejecting psychiatric services" (p. 8).
or"We are hypocrites if we ignore who the parties are that support the enactment of mental health laws and deny patients the option of rejecting psychiatric services" (Szasz, 2004, p. 8).
英國dissertation網APA Style 3
Reference List Entry
Szasz, T. (2004). Protecting patients against psychiatric intervention. Social Science and Modern Society, 41(3), 7-9.
In-Text Citation for a Paraphrase or Summary
Include the author's last name and the year of publication. The page number is not required; however, it is recommended especially when citing a section from a long work.
In-Text
According to Meyer and Smith (1987), a beginning writer may use academic jargon incorrectly in an attempt to sound sophisticated. Part of a tutor's job, then, is to help that student develop his or her unique voice (p. 162).
or
A beginning writer may use academic jargon incorrectly in an attempt to sound sophisticated. Part of a tutor's job, then, is to help that student develop his or her unique voice (Meyer & Smith, 1987, p. 162).
Reference List Entry
Meyer, E., & Smith, L. Z. (1987). The practical tutor. New York: Oxford University Press.
Electronic Publications
Include the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number or paragraph number. For sites lacking page numbers or paragraph numbers, give the heading and paragraph number. If that information is unavailable, simply provide the author's last name and the year of publication.
In-Text
Psychologists Seff, Gecas, and Frey (1993) argued that "research on birth order effects has been remarkably inconsistent and inconclusive with regard to various personality and behavioral outcomes" (Introduction section, ¶ 4).#p#分頁標題#e#
Reference List Entry
Seff, M. A., Gecas, V., & Frey, J. H. (1993). Birth order, self concept, and participation in dangerous sports. The Journal of Psychology, 127. Retrieved May 23, 2004, from Expanded Academic ASAP database (Article A14110698).
No Author/No Date
Include a shortened title of the work (Use italics for books and periodicals; use double quotations for articles.), the year of publication (If no publication date is available use the abbreviation n.d.), and the page number, if applicable.
In-Text
Merton asserted that the "lack of integration between what the culture calls for and what the structure permits . . . causes deviant behavior" (Merton's Strain, n.d.).
Reference List Entry
Merton's Strain Theory. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2004, from http://www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uk/ CURRIC/soc/crime/mert_str.htm
APA Style 4
A shortened title of your paper and page number should appear 1/2" from the top of the page and flush with the right margin.
Sources are listed in alphabetical order by author's last name. If there is no author, move the date of publication after the title and use the first major word in the title.
References
Flower, L., Hayes, J. R., Carey, L., Schriver, K., & Stratman, J. (1986). Detection, diagnosis, and strategies of revision. In L. Ede (Ed.), The Braddock essays (pp. 191-228). Boston: Bedford St. Martin's.
Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Barton, S. M. (2003). Collegiate academic dishonesty revisited: What have they done, how often have they done it, who does it, and why did they do it? Electronic Journal of Sociology, 7(4). Retrieved May 5, 2004, from http://www. sociology.org/content/vol7.4/lambert_etal.html
The second line of each entry is indented 1/2" or 5 spaces.
Martinez, A. (2004, May 5). Questions arise about liability. The Sun, pp. A1, A6.
Meyer, E., & Smith, L. Z. (1987). The practical tutor. New York: Oxford University Press.
Poore, S. (2000). Ethnomethodology—An introduction. Retrieved May 6, 2004, from http:// www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uk/CURRIC/soc/ethno/intro.htm
For electronic sources, break long URL's after a slash or before a period.
Schwartz, P. (2002, June). Love is not all you need. Psychology Today, 35, 57-62.
Szasz, T. (2004). Protecting patients against psychiatric intervention. Social Science and Modern Society, 41(3), 7-9.
Troyer, L., & Younts, C. W. (1997). Whose expectations matter? The relative power of first- and second- order expectations in determining social influence. The American Journal of Sociology, 103, 692-743. Retrieved May 5, 2004, from Expanded Academic ASAP database (A20317868).
http://www.ttc-switch.com/Thesis_Tips/Reference/Literature_Review/Weber, E. U., Shafir, S., & Blais, A. (2004). Predicting risk sensitivity in humans and lower animals: Risk as variance or coefficient of variation. Psychological Review, 111, 430-445.#p#分頁標題#e#
The entire reference list page is double-spaced and has 1" margins.
The reference list begins on a new page.