本研究將通過運用比較研究的方法，比較古典音樂與浪漫音樂的特點，從主題、音樂結構、旋律、和聲這四個方面來分析和探討浪漫主義時期的作曲技法。

在古典時期的音樂主題的主要動機，然而，浪漫主義音樂的主題是從寫作的古典風格完全不同，因為浪漫主義時代是抒發感情的最好時期，大多數音樂家的作品抒情性極強，它根本不適合古典的動機的發展，因此對他們的作品主題的發展變化。

在古典時期，以理性思想為主，音樂的嚴謹和規范，音樂形式基本固定。從早期的浪漫主義作曲家舒伯特，一些古典音樂形式的原則逐漸消失，在舒伯特、舒曼、Liszt、勃拉姆斯和其他偉大的作曲家，他們的歌曲風格被更多的創作自由和靈活。他們的作品體現了浪漫主義時期的自由和靈活組合的音樂形式，這也體現了鮮明的時代，浪漫主義音樂的個性化特征。

 

New compositional techniques of the Romantic period

This study will adopt desk research method, through the use of comparative study to compare the characteristics between classical music and romantic music, from theme, musical structure, melody, harmony, these four aspects to analyze and discuss compositional techniques of the Romantic period.

Theme of music in classical period is mostly motivational, however, the theme of romantic music is completely different from the classical style of writing, since the era of romanticism is the best era to express feelings, lyrical nature of most musicians’ works is extremely strong and it is fundamentally unsuitable for development of classical motivation, so the development of theme of the their works uses more variation technique (Palisca, 1996).

In the classical period, dominated by rational thought, music was rigorous and standardized, musical form was substantially fixed (Grout and Palisca, 1996). From the early Romantic composer Schubert, some of the principles of classical musical form had gradually disappeared (Cairns, 1969), in terms of Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Brahms and other great composers, their song styles were more creative freedom and flexible (Plantinga, 1984). Their work reflected the musical form of the free and flexible composition of the Romantic period, it also reflected the distinctive, personalized characteristics of a romantic music era (Plantinga, 1984).

From the perspective of melody, melody of traditional music is based on smooth, nature undulating, regularity (Schonberg, 1997), and the melody of music in Romantic period was often not smooth, there was angular, sometimes it avoided melody factors in traditional music and replaced melody with other sound manners (Treitler, 1998).

Harmony is an important tool for the performance of romanticism, expansion and free use of dissonance, frequent appearance of 7 and 9 chord, chromatic method and inflection in music expand the scope of harmony to enhance the expression of harmony (Grout and Palisca, 1996).#p#分頁標題#e#

It is noteworthy that romantic music is a continuation and development of classical music, from the point of view of composer techniques, classical music already contains romantic elements, and there are also many features of classical music in romantic works.