寫references-留學生醫學dissertation如何正確引用溫哥華參考
導讀：溫哥華參照是所有BM學生常引用的最領先的醫學期刊，其在國際上特別是醫學界權威性影響力十分大。所以如何正確Vancouver Referencing呢？本dissertation由英國dissertation網、留學dissertation代寫中心Reference頻道、寫references欄目整理推薦。

A bit of background about Vancouver Referencing
Vancouver referencing - The style used in most leading medical journals and recommended by the School of Medicine for all BM students is the Vancouver style of referencing. For in-text citation the Vancouver style uses raised superscript numerals e.g. 2 . This superscript number links directly to the reference list at the end of the paper.

Examples of Vancouver Referencing
Writing review articles enables authors to cite many of their own previous publications 1...

Reference numbers should be assigned in the order in which the references first appear in the text. For identical references cited twice, the original reference number should be repeated.

To cite a specific page, the page number should be indicated in brackets after the reference number:
...there is strong evidence of benefit in elderly patients, 12 (p11)...
To cite more than one page, indicate the page range:

...there is strong evidence of benefit in elderly patients, 12 (pp11-12)...
To cite several references at the same time include both reference numbers:

...there is strong evidence of benefit in elderly patients, 12 13...
For references listed at the end of the assignment, these should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text rather than listed alphabetically by author as with most other referencing styles.

For secondary references, the second source should not be cited as if it has been read ‘first hand’. Instead, the following format should be employed:

[Reference for the 2nd source] In: [Reference for the 1st source]

If there are more than six authors, the first six should be listed followed by ‘et al’.

In the reference list at the end books need to provide the author(s), title of book (in italics), publication place, publisher and date:

Hill C. Practical guidelines for cystic fibrosis care. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
For a chapter in a book reference order would be chapter author′s surname, initials, title of chapter, the word ‘in’ (followed by a colon), surname and initials of editor, the title of the book (in italics), place of publication, publisher, date and page numbers of chapter;

Watkins AD, Neuropharmacology. In: Kay, AB editor. Allergy and allergic diseases. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1997. p505 - 17.#p#分頁標題#e#
Government publications would be written as follows;英國dissertation網http://www.ttc-switch.com/Thesis_Tips/Abstract/

NHS Executive. Clinical governance: quality in the new NHS. London: Department of Health, 1999.
Dissertations would be written as follows;

Bunker VW. Nutrition in infants with specific reference to essential trace elements [dissertation]. Southampton: Univ. Southampton. 1987.
Newspaper articles would be written as follows;

Charter D. Patients die after wrong transplant. The Times 2001 Sept 13.
The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used in Medline. Most journals carry continuous pagination throughout a volume, thus part and issue numbers can be omitted:

Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobillary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124: 980 - 3.
Organisations used in place of author would be written as follows;

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension 2002; 40: 679 - 86.
Audiovisual material would be written as follows;

Abrahams PH. McMinn’s interactive clinical anatomy [CD-ROM]. Version 2.0. London: Mosby, 2001.
It is important to be aware that when referencing the web it can be changed, moved and updated at any time. For this reason, in addition to the standard reference information, it is also necessary to include details of the web address (URL) and the date of access.

When quoting the URL, it is not necessary to include the ‘http://’ symbol if it starts with ‘www’. For a URL such as then the http:// symbol should be kept. Not all internet documents have enough information to write a complete reference. In these cases the writer must include all the information that they can get hold of to make it easier for the reader to locate the source. Below is an example of how an internet source should be referenced;

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Disease fact sheet: avian influenza. (accessed 9 Oct 2006).
To conclude, this section has looked at the Vancouver style of referencing. As with the Chicago style of referencing this style does not include the author and date in the main body of the text although in many ways it is more straightforward to use than the Chicago style because the superscript number links directly to the reference list at the end rather than footnotes at the bottom of the page. Another distinctive feature of the Vancouver style of referencing is that it uses abbreviations rather than full text for journal articles. Other than that, the bibliographic format is very similar to the MLA and Oxford style and incorporates the date at the end rather than immediately after the author as with the Harvard and APA referencing styles.

Did this Vancouver referencing guide help?如果你對#p#分頁標題#e#Abstract寫作感興趣，請查看http://www.ttc-switch.com/Thesis_Tips/Abstract/。