Abstract: Explore expansion of the urban population today, people in the face of external pressures, have physical and mental exhaustion, a need to find a comfortable living environment to adjust physically and mentally. Habitat for gatherings and the two related issues garden designers should attach great importance to it, Residential Area of green issues directly affecting the quality of live. We consider people's health and quality of life of Residential Area to the green ecological design, such people more harmonious with nature, people with more near-natural, in the design and configuration of the plant to achieve cleaner air and beautify the environment, regulation of physical and psychological purposes.
Key words: Residential area, Landscaping, ecological, Sustainable development
1. An urban landscape trend
As a living environment of urban areas, we must first understand the district is the request of the tenants, which the living green Landscape best to consider the life and leisure requirements. Requested by the modern quality of life around the material and spiritual lives of the start, in the material life to meet, gradually enrich the spiritual life today, it will pursue a more healthy, more affinity with their environments. Living green areas, we should consider not only the elements of the United States, but also give full consideration to the district housing the main -- the needs of Only by understanding these needs and, starting from this need for the design, necessary for the United States, can be achieved satisfactory results. Meet for a practical and aesthetic principles district design, and to the "people-oriented" ideology and ideological basis, a people standpoint, from the position to consider comprehensive, in the meantime, reaching people and the natural harmony. And the natural and harmonious development of urban development is a trend now; the future is now for a long time and has its correctness.
In the direction of the development of ecological garden since the 18th century, industrialized countries in the world are developing as a measure of the degree of economic power standards "considers the pursuit of the gdp growth is seen as building a powerful country with the sole objective of Power", the thinking in this direction, natural human right cause untold damage. But mankind will soon see their own for the world to play a negative impact in 1972 adopted a "Declaration on the Human Environment" 1982 "our common future", the first clear of the concept of sustainable development: "We meet the needs of the contemporary people, Without compromising the needs of future generations to meet the capacity of the development. "" sustainable development "theory in all attach great importance to and use to guide the district of the city greening direct manifestation of the emergence of Green Ecological Area landscape, According to landscape ecology principles and methods, and rational planning has space structure, so that the street Mosaic body and matrix elements of the landscape such as the number and distribution of a reasonable space, information flow, material flow and energy flow-through; so that the landscape is not only in keeping with the theory of ecology, but also a certain aesthetic value and suitable for human inhabitation. #p#分頁標題#e#
In 2002, 0.1 surveyed companies in the country did a market survey: "You want to have the most "Respondents are more than 70% of the people chose health.  Evidently, modern health concerns over the extent of any period in the past. According to the World Health Organization's definition of health: "The health of people is referring to the physical, mental, the community has in good conditioning the tremendous work pressure, a monotonous life, Complex interpersonal around to maintain the health of its difficulty. This attention to environmental issues designers should strive to create a more modern suitable living environment, from simple forms of the arts and visual pursuit to get out and pay attention to the human spirit ecological the swap function. The introduction of natural living areas and the residents of each side, Landscape Architecture, behavior, ecology, Aesthetic theory subjects considered scientific proof, reasonable planning, has provided a good living environment for the district.
2. Modern residential area green space issues
During Green Community, provides the standard green area and neighborhood greening should ensure that over 35% of the greenery, Green and the Green rate to more than 70%, that is to say the hard green landscape, including roads, floors, architectural pieces, fountains, sculptures and covers only 30% of control within, and the number should be smaller the better. Green a quality district, although figures can not reflect pure, but in order to have more green area, designers must seriously consider.
With the improvement of living standards, will ultimately become the vehicle of transport for the people, for the residents of vehicle users, we must build the garage. The design can be transferred to the underground garage, or to a multi-storey car park, so there are several advantages: First, reduce noise, second is to increase road safety. Through such a design, Quarters can make limited non-renewable land for the maximum green outdoor activity places, Area more modern design.
Residential constructions in the planning and design time consider green roofs on the loading. Leak proof and other issues, this design over the housing according to actual situation roof and walls of green, so the six-space greening effect, maximum to improve the living environment, so that the residents closer to nature. Shanghai, for example, one of the top five luxury houses Riverside Yuen, green roofs, green vertical, indoor green and the ground has become a green integrity of the green chain, Suzhou has become the representative of the riverside green belt.
Now we are residents of the floor, the floor is relatively high, at the Green district can not consider the low-floor residents should also consider floors, high when these people look down on the district greening landscape feelings. Thus designers quarter when Green Landscape, should fully consider the higher floors overlooking the residents feel.
Now some district at the beginning of the construction. Generally only an initial investigation in the terrain then pushed level, and then on the plains, Green. This will destroy the local character of the original. Community building in the beginning, we should fully examine their current situation. In the building should its local natural sites, old trees provide appropriate protection and exploitation? Natural monuments, old trees at the history as a symbol of cultural heritage, in a sense under the protection of a district to reflect the cultural ambience, displaying the characteristics of residential quarters, help residents improve ecological awareness. #p#分頁標題#e#
In the landscape road, sculpture, Fitness facilities are designed arrangements, it must be the yardstick of construction, landscape sketch scale, the scale of trees comprehensive consideration, reasonable quantification. Everybody needs an appropriate outdoor space, maximize green area at the same time, all of the factors involved in the garden should be considered. Because nobody participation, not the perception is pale green, no significance, the lack of grade. Greenbelt need public, open, participatory, correspond to the needs of this is to try to enable the residents to the greenbelt, where they now that is often discussed in the "Habitat" and the "poly." Landscape road, fitness facilities, and other outdoor spaces in the distribution of green space are "accumulate" needs.
3. Area plants choice preferences
Living in the area of green vegetation to choose, must pay attention to the preferences of residents, loved by the residents to choose plants for distribution. Only with the preferences of residents consistent choice of plants can Area affinity with the green so that the residents have a sense of identity. For example, in the district were planted pines and cypresses of his uniform, so that it Senses natural appearance. Green seems on the surface very good, but people in the subconscious of the environment will have the feeling of the cemetery, the residents are rejected, they can not achieve its desired effect. This is not to say that people will not pine identity, Green Landscape Area can not use pine. But some people disgusted with things and have similar things feeling tired. Song of the Community Greening plants parthenogenesis as a focus of scenery is good to play in the garden of the effect of expression.
As mainly from the ecological and took two aspects to consider. As the tree crown absolute size and, therefore, in the district greening to produce more oxygen, absorption and emission of more harmful gases and therefore the application of the trees which are more conducive to the district the health of the residents. In the choice of trees, deciduous trees and evergreen trees in the entire district share of a general about: 1-2 ratios. Due to the more ancient deciduous tree trunks, tree more attractive, most of the trees have color, form, the U.S.-quarter phase, Charm America, the best embodies the seasonal garden changes throughout the year so that the various district; and evergreen trees can give year-round spring of winter. Doing Area Green design should be based on reasonable arrangements for the design intent choice. The choice of trees in a district not too much, as much as miscellaneous, miscellaneous there will be chaos, the general election the main tree species 2-3, 3-4 adjutant election species. Tree planting not left too close to the windows of the tenants, especially the North windows, the windows in the south and outside 6m not planting trees.
Based on modern residents of the health requirements and neighborhood greening trees must use non-toxic trees or shrubs can live in the selection of greenery beautiful, fast-growing, poor management of pharmaceutical and health care, Aroma plants that benefit human health, but also mental and physical adjustment, but also beautify the environment. Such plants such as camphor trees, ginkgo, cedar lone, Podocarpus, F., loquat, fig, smile, peonies, aspartame grass, Hemerocallis, Hosts, Iris auspicious grass, Sheehan, wild chrysanthemum, and other trees or shrubs and bedding plants. In plant health priority at the same time, but also to a longer and flowering plants such as leaf color Malts Begonia, papaya Begonia, the Bauhinia. plum, cherry, Deutzia, sprayed snow and Hosing, Admiralty, Puppets, Din-tang, Lagerstroemia, Hyperacid pabulums, Gardenia jasminoides, acanthus, Hangmen, Claws maple, Winter sweet, Hung Shum wood.#p#分頁標題#e#
4. Urban district of plant configuration plant configuration to
In the residence area for plant configuration, it should focus on its level match. Use shrubs, to be mixed configuration of high-, medium and low, the ground layer 4 level, This further space division and connections through various levels, so that more space for the rhythms of nature. This level during the match when the attention should be trees and shrubs at a ratio of 1: 3-6 The appropriate turf area (Ciao, Projection scope except shrubs), or more than 30% of the green area, to the attention of other types of colorful plants. Area emphasis on fitting in the portfolio, it should completely abandon the past, a large fitting Landscape Mistakes. But fitting are still in Gardening played an important role. Color Block when briefness, according to the requirements of the designers arbitrary various graphic designs; using the model fitting profile shapes can be achieved by forming the fastest results, the rapid greening meet landscaping requirements; Conservation relatively simple, only after the formation of a discontinuity for regular pruning, we can achieve better results Green; As long as a reasonable choice-colored leaf trees, we can let fitting seasons basically unchanged. More important is the fitting design is more modern aesthetic concepts, especially in the European Community and in a more harmonious environment; easily give the impression that a clean and orderly environment, a strong modern flavor. Rational use of color database, to the greatest extent can attract people's attention. The paper is now common combinations: red blocks of Berber’s, Loropetalum Chinese; Green block a melon box, Boxes, Euonymus japonicas, cuckoo; yellow block a California privet, throwing corals, Phnom Penh box; also useful red green, snow Dust and other herbaceous flowers.
The "Provisional early springtime flowers Hingham, a good summer shade tree, see the autumn leaves changing fruit Winter depression is not green. "This poem speaks the season changes on the district design the most direct request: maintain three quarters of flowering, evergreen four seasons. Also note that the whole hue small changes in the mix of color on the trees, we can use some color contrast to the larger species, and this could make the district more lively green.
Although woody herb flowers in application management more cumbersome, however relatively more easy to control and easy to become Landscape elements. The composition of the district must consider the color of plants, flowers, crown, shape and height of plant life, growth potential etc., can be co-ordinate. For each combination of design, but also consider the surrounding bare ground, lawns and ponds, surface composition, and several of the relationship between.
Every one has a theme, every garden must have a visual focus this is what we call the garden of the main prospects. Residential Area for urban design can not run its focus landscape configuration, it can be water features; Hill also is King, it can also be a landscape planting, as long as you can coordinate with the environment is good, Area residents can be recognized is excellent. It is worth mentioning that the district is the main theme of the issue. Now the garden is not empty, and not ideological, not the garden. Modern garden itself is thinking, a cultural presence, we respect such a presence at the same time, we must understand Gardens main keynote role, set the tone in order to create a neighborhood garden atmosphere can express their subject.#p#分頁標題#e#
5. Concluding remarks 
To build rich features and novelty of living spaceUK thesis base environment Residential Area is entirely possible, As long as each of our designers in the planning, design Gaochuangzuo, forget about dogmas, It is not difficult to emerging characteristics and the surrounding environment for people to live and psychological Residential Area, people as possible to provide a comfortable, quiet and beautiful new living environment. That also requires each plan designers must have professional skills, sufficient information and knowledge across disciplines.
 城市居住小區綠化探討
摘要：在城市人口膨脹的今天，人們面對外界的各種壓力，已經身心疲憊，需要找尋一個舒適的人居環境來調節身心。對于人居和人聚的兩個相關問題園林設計師應該予以高度重視，居住小區的綠化問題直接影響到聚居的質量。我們在考慮人們的健康、生活質量的時候要對居住小區的綠化進行生態的設計，這樣讓人與自然更加協調，使人更加與自然相接近。并且在設計中配置的植物盡量達到清潔空氣、美化環境、調節身心的目的。
關鍵詞：居住小區 生態園林 綠化 可持續發展
1、城市園林綠化的趨勢
作為人居環境的城市居民區，其首先要了解的就是小區住戶的要求，即居住區的綠化造景要最大限度地考慮居民的生活和休閑的要求。現代人所要求的生活質量的提高是圍繞物質生活和精神生活展開的，在物質生活得以滿足、精神生活逐漸豐富的今天，人們會追求一個更健康、與自己更有親和力地環境。居住區綠化中，不僅要考慮到美的要素，更要充分考慮居住區里的主體 —— 人的需要，只有了解了這種需要，再從這種需要出發進行設計，進行必要的美的處理，才能達到居民滿意的效果。對于一個能滿足實用、美觀的原則小區設計，要 “ 以人為本 ” 的思想作思想基礎，以人立足點，從人的方位去綜合考慮，在此同時，達到人與自然的和諧。人與自然和諧的發展是城市發展到現在的一種趨勢，就現在及未來很長時間都有其正確性。
18 世紀以來，世界各國均以工業化發展的程度作為衡量經濟強國的標準，即 “ 把追求 gdp 的增長看做是建設強國的唯一目標與動力 ” ，在這各思想導向下，人類對自然造成了無窮的破壞。不過人類很快看到了自己對世界所起到的負面影響， 1972 年通過了《人類環境宣言》， 1982 年《我們共同的未來》中，第一次明確提出了可持續發展的概念： “ 既滿足當代人的需要，又不損害后代人滿足需要的能力的發展。 ”“ 可持續發展 ” 的理論在各界引起高度重視而用來指導城市小區綠化的直接表現就是出現了生態型小區綠化景觀，根據景觀生態學原理和方法，合理地規劃呈現空間結構，使廊道、鑲嵌體及基質等景觀要素的數量，及其空間分布合理，使信息流、物質流與能量流暢通；使景觀不僅符合生態學原理，而且有一定的美學價值，適于人類聚居。
2002 年，零點調查公司，在全國做了一次市場調查：“你最想擁有什么？”被調查者中有70%以上的人選擇了“健康”.由此可見，現代人對健康的關注程度超過了以往任何時期。根據世界衛生組織對健康的定義：“健康，就是指人在身體上、精神上、社會上完全處于良好的狀態。”在現在巨大的工作壓力、單調的生活內容、復雜的人際關系的圍繞下，保持健康有其難度。為此重視環境問題的設計師們應努力為現代人創造一個更適合的人居環境，從單純的對藝術形式和視覺的追求中走出來，注重生態對人類身心的調劑功能。將自然引入居住區，引到每個居民身邊，以景觀學、行為學、生態學、美學等學科理論綜合考慮、科學論證、合理規劃，為人們提供一個良好的居住區環境。
2、現代居住區綠化的空間問題
在進行小區綠化時，規定了綠化面積的標準，小區綠化應確保 35% 以上的綠化率，而綠地本身的綠化率要大于 70% ，也就是說綠地中的硬質景觀，包括道路、地坪、建筑小品、噴水池、雕塑等占地面積只能控制在 30% 以內，而這個數字也應越小越好。一個小區綠化質量，雖然不能通過純數字來體現，但是為了有更多綠化的面積，設計師們必須認真思考。
隨著生活水平的提高，汽車終將成為人們的代步工具，對于居民用戶的汽車，必須建設車庫。在設計中可以將車庫轉入地下，或轉向立體停車場，這樣有幾大好處：一是減少噪音，二是增加交通安全。通過這樣的設計，可以使得小區中有限的不可再生的土地最大限度的用于綠化戶外活動場所，更符合現代小區設計的要求。
在對住宅區建筑規劃設計之時要考慮綠化對屋頂產生的承重、防漏等問題。這樣設計過的房屋可以根據實際情況進行屋頂與墻面的綠化，做到空間的六面綠化效果，最大限度的改善人居環境，使居民更貼近自然。例如上海五大豪宅之一的河濱豪園，其屋頂綠化、垂直綠化、室內綠化及地面綠化成了一個完整的綠色鏈，成了蘇州河邊綠帶的代表。
由于現在的居民樓相對的樓層都較高，在小區綠化時不能只考慮樓層低的居民，也應該考慮樓層中、高的這些居民俯視時對小區綠化的景觀感受。因而設計師在小區綠化造景之時，要充分考慮樓層較高的居民的俯視感受。
現在有些小區在建設之初，一般只有初步的考察一下地形然后將地推平，然后在平地上建設、綠化。這樣完全破壞了當地的原始風貌。在小區建設之初，應該充分考查其現狀。在建設時應該對其當地的自然遺跡、古樹名木進行適當的保護及利用。因為自然遺跡、古樹名木時歷史的象征、是文化的積淀，在有意識的保護之下能夠體現一個小區的文化氣息，展現居民小區的特色，有利于提高居民的生態意識。
在景觀道路、雕塑、健身設施的設計安排時，必須將建筑的尺度、景觀小品的尺度、樹木的尺度進行綜合的考慮、合理的量化。每個人都需要適度的戶外空間，在盡量加大綠化面積的同時，所有人的參與園林的因素都應該加以考慮。因為沒有人的參與的、沒有感知的綠地是蒼白的、沒有意義、缺少品位的。小區綠地需要有公眾性、開放性、參與性，對應這樣的需要的就是盡量的使居民能夠在小區綠地中聚集，即現在所經常討論的“人居”與“人聚”的問題。景觀道路、健身設施等戶外空間合理分布于綠地中正是“人聚”的需要。
3、植物的選擇
在對居住區的綠化植被進行選擇時，一定要注意居民的喜好，選擇居民喜聞樂見的植物進行配置。只有與居民的喜好相一致的植物選擇才能使小區的綠化具有親和力，使居民產生認同感。例如在小區中栽植均一成行的松柏，使之森森然的樣子。表面上好象綠化很好，但是在人們的潛意識里會對這樣的環境產生墓地的感覺，被居民所排斥，不能達到其應有的效果。這里不是說人們對松柏就沒有認同感，小區綠化造景中不能使用松柏，而是人們由于厭惡一些事物而會對與之相近的事物產生厭惡的感覺。松柏在小區綠化中進行孤植，作為焦點景物也是可以起到很好的園林表達效果的。
喬木在小區中的應用主要是從生態和造景兩個方面來考慮。由于喬木樹冠的絕對面積大，因而在在小區綠化中能夠制造更多的氧氣，吸收更多的廢氣及有害氣體，因而喬木的應用在小區中更有利于居民的健康。在對喬木的選擇上，落葉喬木與常綠喬木在整個小區中所占的比重一般約為1：2的比率。由于落葉喬木越古樸，枝干、樹形越迷人，最具備樹木的色彩美、形態美、季相美、風韻美，因此最能體現園林的季相變化，使小區一年四季各不同；而常綠喬木可以給人四季如春的意境。在做小區綠化設計時應該根據設計意圖合理安排選擇。在喬木的選擇上一個小區不能太多，多則雜、雜則亂，一般選3種主體樹種，選4種輔助樹種。喬木的種植不能離住戶的窗戶太近，尤其是南北窗戶，在南面窗戶外6m不得種植喬木。
    基于現代居民對健康的要求，小區綠化的樹種，必須選用無毒的喬灌木，可以在居住區綠化時選擇美觀、生長快、管理粗放的藥用、保健、香味植物，即利于人體保健，又可調節身心，也可美化環境。這類植物如香樟、銀杏、雪松、龍柏、羅漢松、粗榧、枇杷、無花果、含笑、牡丹、門冬草、萱草、玉簪、鳶尾、吉祥草、射干、野菊花等喬灌木及草花。在優先選擇保健植物的同時，還應注意花期較長及色葉植物如垂絲海棠、木瓜海棠、紫荊、榆葉梅、櫻花、溲疏、噴雪花、黃馨、金鐘、迎春、棣棠、紫薇、金絲梅、梔子花、桂花、紅楓、雞爪槭、蠟梅、紅瑞木等。
4、居民小區中植物的配置
    在居住小區中進行植物配置的時候，也應該注重其層次的搭配。利用喬灌、地被的混合配置出高、中、低、地被層四個層次，這樣再進行空間的分割及聯系，通過各個層次，使空間更具自然的節奏。在進行這種層次的搭配之時，應注意喬木與灌木的比例約為1：6為宜，草皮面積（喬、灌木投影范圍除外），不高于綠地面積的30%，另外要注意植物種類的豐富多彩。小區在注重運用色塊組合的同時，應該徹底摒棄以往的一種大色塊造景的誤區。但是色塊的處理手法仍然在園林造景中占有重要的地位。色塊布置時色彩簡潔明快，可按設計者的要求任意作出各種圖形圖案；采用色塊的模紋形狀可以達到最快的成形效果，滿足快速綠化美化的要求；養護相對簡單，只需要一次成形后經常間斷性進行修剪，就可以達到較好的綠化效果；只要合理選擇色葉樹種，就可以讓色塊四季基本不變，更加重要的是色塊的設計比較符合現代人的審美觀念，特別在歐式建設的小區中和環境比較和諧；容易使人感覺環境整潔有序，現代氣息較濃。合理運用色塊，可以最大程度地吸引人們的注意力。現在常見的色塊組合有：紅色塊為紅葉小檗，紅花檵木；綠色塊有瓜子黃楊、雀舌黃楊、大葉黃楊、杜鵑；黃色塊有金葉女貞、灑金珊瑚、金邊黃楊；也有用紅綠草、雪葉菊等草本花卉。
“春意早臨花爭艷，夏季濃蔭好乘涼，秋季多變看葉果，冬季蒼翠不蕭條。” 這首詩道出了季節變化及對小區設計的最直接要求：應保持三季有花，四季常綠。另外注意整個小的色相變化，在有色樹種的搭配上，可以采用一些色彩對比度較大的樹種，這樣可以使小區的綠化更加生動活潑。
    雖然草本花卉在應用中的管理比較煩瑣，但是相對來說更容易為進行控制，易于成為造景要素。在組合時必須考慮到小區中植物的色澤、花型、樹冠、形狀和高度、植物壽命、生長勢等方面，才能互相協調。對于每個組合的設計時，還應該考慮周圍裸露的地面、草坪、水池、地表等幾個組合之間的關系。
每一個園林都有一個主題思想，每一個園林也必須有一個視覺焦點，這就是我們所說的這個園林中的主景。對于城市居住小區設計來說不可能不考慮其焦點景物的配置，可以是水景，也可以是山石景，也可以是植物造景，只要能與環境相協調就是好的，能被小區居民所認同的就是優秀的。在這里值得一提的就是小區的主基調的問題。現在的園林不是空洞的、沒有思想的、沒有內容的園林。現代園林本身就是一種思想、一種文化的存在，我們尊重這種存在的同時，就必須理解園林中主基調的作用，定了基調才能創造出小區的園林氛圍，才能表達出主題。
5、結束語
要建設富有特點和具有新穎的居住空間環境的居住小區是完全可能的，只要我們每個設計者在規劃設計上搞創作，不拘泥于教條，不難出現具有特色的與周圍環境協調適合人們居住心理的居住小區，盡可能地給人們提供舒適、安靜和新穎優美的居住環境。這也同時需要我們每個規劃設計者們必須具有豐富的專業技巧，充足的信息及跨學科的知識。