教育dissertation：戶外教育基礎下的哲學和教育
 

在大多數情況下，戶外教育是在一種或另一種形式中發生的，如果不是世界各地的所有國家。而一般來說對戶外教育的定義似乎都是“戶外教育就是教育”教育內涵里或者有關教育，以及教育之外（唐納森&唐納森，1958年，p.63）。戶外教育應該是澳大利亞國家課程的一個基本組成部分。戶外教育不意味著取代正規的教育，而是說提高在課堂上所學的知識。在自然的情況下使用識字和算術技能在，正如挑戰定向或叢林徒步旅行，讓學生明白學習的目的和意義。
 

我相信（目的）教育對現代社會的作用來說是學習了基本技能。習基本技能，如數學和英語，以及功能性技能，如團隊合作和社會技能。（還有更多嗎？？）
 

在我看來，戶外教育的目的是讓學生掌握“原始的”水平。當他們在戶外的時候，學生們并不像我們今天被擁有的社會習俗所束縛。

 

Philosophical And Educational Underpinnings Of Outdoor Education Education Essay
 

Outdoor education occurs, in one form or another, in most, if not all countries around the world. While a general definition seems to be "Outdoor education is education 'in', 'about', and 'for' the out-of-doors." (Donaldson & Donaldson, 1958, p.63) Outdoor education should be a fundamental part of the Australian National curriculum. Outdoor education is not meant to replace formal education, rather it enhances what is learnt in the classroom. Using literacy and numeracy skills in a natural context such as an orienteering or bushwalking challenge gives the pupils sense of purpose to their learnings.
 

I believe (the purpose of) education is learning basic skills to function in a modern day society. Learning fundamental skills such as maths and English as well as functional skills like teamwork and social skills.. (more??)
 

The purpose of outdoor education in my view is getting students to a 'primal' or their 'rawest' level. When they are outdoors, students are not as bound by the social customs that we have today. Outdoor education often pushes students past their comfort zones. They are stripped of many of the conveniences that we experience in modern day life. With the perceived risks the outdoors creates, there is a need to use teamwork skills which isn't employed/needed/used in everyday life.
 

Research into the benefits of outdoor adventure activities highlights the valuable contribution they make to personal health and wellbeing. As the empirical and anecdotal evidence in the outdoor adventure field begins to unfold, the proliferation of evidenced-based research grows exponentially. The unique opportunities within the natural and social environments offered by outdoor adventure activities provide varying contexts in which these positive connections are made. These connections are referred to in the outdoor adventure literature as being with the self, others and the environment. Outdoor adventure activities provide opportunities for the connection of individuals with nature (the natural environment), direct connection with other people (interpersonal), and importantly, with themselves (personal). Specifically, the benefits of these connections are shown to lie in the strength and placement of these connections.#p#分頁標題#e#

The benefits of outdoor activities
 

In a discussion at the Outdoor Recreation Industry Leaders Think Tank conducted by Service Skills Australia in November 2007, it was suggested that one thing the outdoor industry1 needed was evidence-based research of the benefits of participating in outdoor activities. To achieve this end, a group of sponsors donated to a pool of money, which would enable the collation of relevant research in Australia from 1995 to 2008.
 

The Centre for Tourism Research at the University of Canberra was approached to conduct the research. Initially the structure was planned to be based upon the 1997 Benefits of Parks and Recreation Catalogue from Ontario, Canada, however this was revised to producing a single report that provided a clear summary of the available research. The final Australian report aims to provide the basis for a discussion paper for a planned national summit scheduled for mid-2008.
 

The benefits of outdoor education include better teamwork ability/group development, increased fitness, increased cognitive function and increasing self esteem.
 

As stated on the Tasmanian Department of Education website, outdoor education programs in schools have the ability to contribute greatly to the personal development of students through positive experiences.
 

How you would be able to deliver on your philosophy of outdoor education in a practical sense
 

Delivering on my philosophy of outdoor education in a practical sense is dependent on a number of factors such as the age of the participants and the support of the school hierarchy. Typically where outdoor education is offered in the primary/high school it is in the form of a camp usually around a week in length. These activities are highly valuable but I believe outdoor education can offer so much more than just a one off camping experience.
 

Education outside the classroom in the outdoor setting can be delivered by such experiences as searching for insects in the school oval, cleaning a local park as part of a landcare initiative, walking up the main street on a mapping exercise, gardening, petwalks for the R.S.P.C.A. and simply taking games and activities out of the gym and classroom and undertaking them in an outdoor setting. Doing this can bring an activity to life and enhance the fun factor really engaging young learners.
 

However the real benefits of an outdoor education program are realised when the participants are encouraged to "grow" or move beyond their comfort zone. Obviously these activities need to be age appropriate but this is why activities such as abseiling and rock climbing are so popular in the corporate world. Participants feel energised, accomplished and connected. To quote Hahn()"As our society has become information rich, it has become action poor.  It has become poor in the necessity and possibility for struggle against the environment.  As affluence has increased, the young person's environment has become impoverished for responsible and productive action, or any action that tests and develops him."#p#分頁標題#e#

Questions to be considered:
 

What does outdoor education mean to you?
 

Whilst there are many definitions that abound concerning outdoor education I believe it literally means moving the curriculum outside the classroom. This is not a practical way of delivering all educational objectives however it should be noted that outdoor education has many benefits that cannot be ignored.
 

Why do we have OE programs and why should people participate in them
 

What sort of experienced and activities should be included in OE programs and why?
 

http://www.peecworks.org/PEEC/PEEC_Research/S005C9DBE-005DC885
 

http://www.englishoutdoorcouncil.org/Values_and_benefits.htm
 

http://www.education.tas.gov.au/outdoor/essential
 

http://www.oric.org.au/IndustryNews/OutdoorActivityBenefitsCatalogueFinal270808.pdf
 

http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-923/outdoor.htm
 

http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Yuc2Aro6ukkC&pg=PA343&lpg=PA343&dq=%22Outdoor+education+is+education+'in',+'about',+and+'for'+the+out-of-doors.%22&source=bl&ots=ZMc2odlv2P&sig=3CT6A1qYEarP7yUVq_SdcoqWkUw&hl=en&ei=L9L3S_3kOMOPcM-SoeYL&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Outdoor%20education%20is%20education%20'in'%2C%20'about'%2C%20and%20'for'%20the%20out-of-doors.%22&f=false