教育dissertation：為了馬來西亞的教育，提高學生的成績

馬來西亞教育的關鍵目標在于提高學生的學習成果以及為馬來西亞各地的學生提供優(yōu)質的教育。
 

通過在全球范圍內尋找最佳表演學校，已經確定了四個基本領域。他們是：
 

必須確保每一個孩子的成功；
 

學校要對學生成績的變化波動負責任；
 

每一所學校都需要為好的領導者進行投資；
 

要吸引和培養(yǎng)頂尖教師。
 

研究證實，教師職業(yè)生涯的各個階段的各種激勵措施應該到位。世界銀行對提高教師素質的激勵的價值進行了評估（拉斯維加斯與烏曼斯基2005年）。
 

金融激勵包括貨幣，實物支持，福利和獎金，以及教學支持。另一方面，包括項目，如提供支持材料，正在進行的專業(yè)發(fā)展和職業(yè)機會。最后，與工作條件有關的激勵措施，包括諸如班級健康和安全條件，并給予足夠的休息時間。
 

Improving Student Outcomes And Provide Education Across Malaysia Education Essay
 

The goal of the Education National Key Results Area (NKRA) is to improve student outcomes and provide quality education for all students across Malaysia. By looking globally at the best performing schools, four essential areas have been identified. They are:
 

the need to ensure every child succeeds;
 

the need to hold schools accountable for changes in student outcomes;
 

the need to invest in great leaders for every school; 
 

the need to attract and develop top teachers.
 

Research confirms that a variety of incentives for the various stages of teachers' careers should be in place. A World Bank evaluation corroborates the value of incentives towards improving teacher quality (Vegas & Umansky 2005).
 

There are various types of teacher incentives including financial, working conditions and instructional support (Kemmerer, 2007).
 

Financial incentives include monetary, in-kind support, benefits and bonuses. Instructional Support, on the other hand, includes items such as provision of supporting materials, ongoing professional development and career opportunities. Finally, incentives related to working conditions consist of things such as class health and safety conditions and provision of adequate breaks.
 

Teachers generally do not enter the profession for financial benefits so incentives must not only look at financial compensation but other areas that motivate and inspire good practice. These rewards can include satisfaction from high student achievement, recognition, influence, learning new skills, and personal growth (Tomlinson, 2000; Odden 2000b). School staff should have the opportunity for a career path where excellence is rewarded with a variety of incentives that tap into both their intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Only a few countries have formalized a robust systems of performance-related pay in any sector (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2006) and even fewer in the education sector. Tucker and Sclaifani (2006) indicate that in order for performance related pay to be effective three ideas must come into play. Firstly, we must be able to measure the output linked to the performance whether at the individual or team level. Secondly, the outputs from individuals or teams must improve the overall organisational outputs. Lastly, that the reward can be delivered in a manner that takes advantage of its likely incentive value for prospective recipients.
 

Many question if it is possible, in organisations such as schools, which are highly complex to develop fair evaluation systems linked to performance pay. Other concerns are that collaboration among teachers will suffer and that incentives linked to subject areas or exam results will narrow the curriculum (Tucker and Sclaifani, 2006).
 

There are a variety of different performance models. Financial rewards given based on student performance and lesson observations is called merit-pay (McCollum, 2001). Odden (2000) describes knowledge and skill-based compensation as increased pay given to those who receive additional qualifications which is assumed to improve teachers' abilities. School-based compensation, involves group-based financial rewards usually based on student performance (Odden and Kelley, 2002).
 

A set of standards for teacher performance and measurement tools is key to being able to fairly reward staff for their performance. Merit pay given to teachers individually has proved to be unpopular in schools creating competition and eliminating the essential team work and collaboration needed to build excellence in school (Odden, 2000). Incentive payments to entire staff in schools have many times produced improved student achievement. This is most likely because of the need to work together, support new or weaker teachers and to encourage teachers who do not improve to move to a different profession. Odden (2000) also believes the amount of the bonus is important and recommends 5-8% of annual salary as a reward for reaching targets. Figure 1 from Woessman (2010) below shows the results of a study of various countries showing in general where pay for performance has been implemented reading, writing, and math scores have generally been higher.
 

Merit-pay models were criticised for unfavourably changing collaboration between teachers. Performance-based reward systems, research now argues, can increase collegiality by rewarding co- operation between teachers (Solomon and Podgursky, 2001; Cohn, 1996), through group-based pay rewards (Mohrman, Mohrman, and Odden, 1996; McCollum, 2001). Several opponents of performance-based rewards contend there is evidence of better/more collegiality when group performance rewards are used (See, for example, Firestone and Pennell, 1993).#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Many surveys conclude that intrinsic rewards are very important to teachers (Firestone and Pennell, 1993). Firestone and Pennell (1993) argue that evaluation can undermine the intrinsic rewards for teachers, as the "feedback in the form of performance evaluation undermines intrinsic motivation, even when the evaluation is positive" (emphasis in original) however a substantial body of literature argues performance-based reward systems are an improvement on the efficiency of salary scales Odden and Kelly's research confirms that pay for performance schemes and other incentives for teachers and principals can have positive effects on student achievement. These methods are most effective when they are accompanied by professional development programs, the support of school leadership, accurate and reliable reporting of student achievement, and strong feedback mechanisms.

5Odden and many others argue that the single-salary schedule cannot take education to the levels of productivity currently needed. Lazear's analysis of the effectiveness of output-based pay suggests that performance-based mechanisms can be effective if they are carefully designed and tied to appropriate metrics.

40Many of the earlier programmes tended to focus on individual performance, in particular merit pay (Richardson, 1999), with recent debates more likely to consider group-based reward programmes, or knowledge and skill based rewards (Odden, 2000a; Odden and Kelley, 2002).

A 2004 OECD report on teacher quality found that the problem of teacher shortages is pervasive throughout OECD countries and that the lack of quality teachers is having a negative impact on student learning. Across-the-board salary adjustments, targeted incentives and alternative employment measures are typical approaches that most countries adopt to alleviate teacher shortages, but that policies must address other critical aspects such as "working conditions, professionalism, flexibility, job security, education requirements and job satisfaction from working with students.
 

Must be replaced with a system that connects contributions to compensation in meaningful ways and that could be embraced by employers and teachers alike

Two-thirds of OECD countries have implemented performance-related salary systems in their public sectors, but few have used them in education. It is still true that few countries have formalized a robust system of performance-related pay in any sector.
 

When planning for an incentive program the following chart is helpful to consider effects both desirable and undesirable.
 

Incentives
 

Intentional or Unintentional design
 

Desired Impact

For example:
 

#p#分頁標題#e#

Incentives
 

Intentional design
 

Job security linked to test scores
 

Desired Impact
 

Improved teaching and better learning
 

Undesired impact
 

Teaching to the test; dropping of low performing students
 

Incentives
 

Unintentional design
 

Strong unions make it difficult to fire teachers
 

Desired Impact
 

Good teachers feel more confident and secure in their jobs and therefore teach well
 

Undesired impact
 

Bad teachers can stay indefinitely
 

Most of the incentives researched have been negotiated and employed without plans for rigorous evaluation. The majority of articles cited in international papers are surveys rather than evaluations that attempt to connect outcomes to the performance-related system in place.
 

Current Incentives in the Malaysian Education System
 

Action Research Projects: some initiatives have been conducted in this area throughout the country, but the initiatives are not monitored systematically, so findings are not reported efficiently. 
 

Advanced studies:
 

There are three modes for teachers and principals to engage in advanced studies:
 

1)Â they receive full pay, with no scholarships (to cover tuition etc, they will have to pay on their own)
 

2)Â they receive half pay, with scholarship given to cover tuition etc
 

3)Â if they receive direct scholarship offers from any organisation/institution, they will have to ask permission from the relevant Ministry of Education department for approval. These are decided on a case-by-case basis
 

Scholarships are only for public universities in Malaysia
 

Ministry of Education has a distant learning degree program from the local universities for the teachers and Head Teachers of the rural primary schools.
 

Three bodies sponsor these; the public service department, the teacher education division and sometimes-individual MOE institutions like the School Leadership Institute

Teachers in rural or interior schools receive a monetary incentive ranging from RM700-RM1500 on top of their salary and living or housing allowances.
 

Relocation allowances: Teachers receive an allowance when they receive a transfer from one school to another, from one to town to another or from one state to another state. Travel arrangements are also provided to the teachers and their families to go to their new place of work. An agent appointed by the MOE to send them over to their new place of work will handle their belongings.#p#分頁標題#e#
 

All civil servants also enjoy free medical treatment from the govt. hospitals they also can apply for loans to buy a computer, a car and even a house.
 

The Government Transformation Programme (GTP) Roadmap states that HPS will receive incentives, which include an annual allocation of RM700, 000 per school, as well as RM1, 000 and RM700 for school heads, teachers and non-academic staff in secondary and primary schools, respectively. The schools also enjoy greater autonomy in decision-making and allow high-achieving students to advance faster through the system.
 

National, State and District Awards
 

Many awards are available for teacher
 

Khazanah Incentives for School Staff
 

Incentive
 

Research Summary
 

Desired/Undesired
 

Rating for Trust School Initiative
 

Financial (comprises of Monetary, In kind, Benefits and Bonuses)
 

Monetary
 

New teacher starting bonus
 

Name:Secondary Shortage Subject Scheme
 

Description:Up to £5000 paid to individuals in last year of study to join the teaching force after graduation
 

Dates:1985 to present.
 

Country:UK, Wales
 

Effective at attracting but not retaining new teachers
 

Name:Golden Hello
 

Description: £2500-5000 for entering and successfully completing the induction phase in secondary subjects
 

Dates: 2002 to present
 

Country: UK
 

Evaluation:Effective at attracting but not retaining new teachers
 

Desired:Qualified candidates are available to teach in schools
 

Undesired:People are attracted only for financial purposes but then leave the career once other higher paid options are available
 

Salary scales
 

Description:Higher compensation in the early years in order to encourage teachers to enter the field

Countries: Australia, Denmark, England, Finland,
 

Description: Higher salary increases mid-career teachers to retain them
 

Dates: varies
 

Countries; Austria, Japan, and Portugal
 

Description: Rewards experienced teachers with largest increases
 

Dates: varies
 

Countries: Greece, Hungary, and New Zealand
 

Name: n/a
 

Description: Across the board pay rises encourage the best people to state#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Dates: 1990
 

Country: Chile
 

Evaluation: a World Bank report notes that teachers' experience has not been found to be an important predictor of student achievement in the major empirical studies (World Bank 1997, 97)

Desired:Teachers feel valued and perform well
 

Undesired:Good teachers leave the profession due to financial reasons
 

Project participation pay
 

Name: Accelerated Teaching Program (Unicef)
 

Description-all teacher receive bonus incentive each three months
 

Dates: 1998-2007
 

Country:Liberia
 

Evaluation: This program has issues with payments to teachers but otherwise was judged to improve buy-in and outcomes for students
 

Desired:Teachers feel valued and 'buy in' to new initiatives
 

Undesired:Teachers feel overwhelmed with the change process and leave posts
 

Additional allowance for remote locations/low performing schools (hardship allowance)
 

Description: Teachers receive salary supplements to teach in shortage or rural areas
 

Purpose: Ensure teachers are available for all children
 

Country: Canada/Chile/Ireland/Australia/Malaysia
 

Desired:Qualified candidates are willing to teach in difficult areas/circumstances
 

Undesired:
 

Materials Allowance
 

Description: Materials allowances given to all schools at start of reform project to buy resources that enhance the learning environment
 

Purpose:To promote buy in to project and enhance teaching and learning environment
 

Dates:2006-present
 

Country:UAE
 

Evaluation:Effective in creating a learning culture
 

Desired:Schools feel empowered and have the tools they need to improve their schools
 

Undesired: Schools spend money on resources that do not improve student outcomes e.g. decorations
 

Travel Allowance
 

Description: Teachers given train passes to get to work
 

Purpose: Part of the benefits

Country: Japan
 

Canada, Australia, Europe- Moving costs to initial job placement for most placements in rural areas or challenging schools
 

Desired:Teachers are more willing to work in locations further from home base resulting in a supply of teachers available
 

Undesired: Teachers take allowance but have high levels of absence#p#分頁標題#e#
 

In Kind Support
 

Awards
 

Name: NationalTeachingExcellenceAward
 

Descriptionprovidesawardsfor50teachersthatwerenominatedattheschoollevelandmadeitthroughthenationalqualificationstothe rewardlevel
 

Name: School based Award
 

Description: Awards at the school level with discretionary funds made available by the government
 

Purpose: To reward excellent teachers
 

Dates:
 

Country: Denmark, Netherlands
 

Desired:Recognition of Good work leads to more good work and sharing of good practice
 

Undesired: Some colleagues feel jealous or angry and do less
 

Free or subsidized housing
 

Description: free accommodations in its remote areas
 

Purpose:To encourage staff to live in remote areas
 

Dates:
 

Country:Denmark
 

Desired:Qualified candidates are willing to teach in remote areas
 

Undesired: Poor quality teachers are attracted to schools that need the most support
 

Free or subsidized food
 

Description: Free or subsidized food to staff
 

Country: European countries
 

Desired:Qualified candidates are willing to teach in remote areas
 

Undesired: Poor quality teachers are attracted to schools that need the most support
 

Plots of land
 

Description: Plots of land given to staff
 

Purpose:Encouragement to create a home base in rural areas
 

Dates:
 

Country:Africa
 

Desired:Qualified candidates are willing to teach in remote areas
 

Undesired: Poor quality teachers are attracted to schools that need the most support
 

Low interest loans
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Demark, Greece-Preferential rates for mortgages at the discretion of the local school authorities
 

Desired:Teachers feel more financially secure and there are more able to concentrate on planning excellent lessons
 

Undesired: Teachers take loans but there is no improvement in teaching
 

Scholarships for own children
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Worldwide: Most international schools provide free places for staff children#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Desired:Teachers who bring their own children to a school want the best for their child and work harder
 

Undesired: Teachers children get special treatment
 

Free items: e.g. books, laptops etc
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Denmark-teachers who agree to teach in remote areas are eligible a home personal computer, and access to wholesale shopping
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Benefits
 

Paid
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Australia- to stay in remote areas, extra annual leave of 5-8 days
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Unpaid leave
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Canada-allows teachers to take unpaid leave for family events, vacations etc
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Sabbatical
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Australia-all heads eligible for sabbatical every 5 years. Paid at 80% for 4 years to enable this at no cost
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Credit towards a promotion
 

Description: Credit towards a future promotion for teaching in challenging or remote areas
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Korea, China
 

Desired:
 

Undesired
 

Sick leave
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:

Undesired:
 

Maternity Leave
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Health insurance
 

Description:
 

Purpose
:

Dates:
 

Country:Europe-countries include health benefits over and above the usual social services accorded to all citizens
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Pension#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Additional Paid Work
 

Description: teachersarepaid$20.00perdayforeach studentteacherundertheirdirectionbi-weekly.
 

Dates:
 

Country: Nanavut Canada
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Life insurance
 

Description:
 

Purpose:

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Crèche
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Bonuses
 

Whole school performance based pay linked to exam results or KPI targets
 

Name: NationalPerformanceEvaluationSystem
 

Description: Schools are grouped by social-economic conditions, and then the top 25 percent within each group are rewarded for their performance
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Chile
 

Evaluation: Increased the scores in the state exam by between four and 18 points; effects were greater among those schools with more favourable external conditions.
 

Date: c2004
 

Country: Israel
 

Evaluation: ledtoimprovedteachingmethods,increasedafter-schooltutoring, andbetterresponsivenesstostudents'needsonthepartofteachers
 

ProfessionalCompensationSystemforTeachers
 

1999-2003
 

Denver, USA
 

Evaluation: Evidencefromthepilotprogramstronglysuggestedthatthepayforperformanceprogramwas a"catalystforchangethatbenefitsallstudentsandteachers." 34

Studenttestscores weresignificantlyhigherforelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsinclassroomswithteachers whohadbeeninthepilotfortwoormoreyears
 

Desired:Schools pull together as a whole team to improve student outcomes
 

Desired:Student Achievement increases
 

Undesired: Teachers teach to the test, ignore low performing students or cheat to show progress
 

Undesired: Freerider'problem; someteacherswhoarenotcontributingtotheoutcomesofstudentsarerewardedbecauseof others'action
 

Undesired:Could reward "wealth" rather than performance, disproportionately rewarding teachers at high-performing schools primarily for the raw materials they are handed - i.e., better students.#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Undesired: Teachers focus on certain subjects to the neglect of other subjects.
 

Individual performance based pay
 

Name:Teacher Excellence Incentive
 

Description: $200 million fund, for annual bonuses of up to $2,500 to reward "effective" classroom teachers employed by districts that agreed to match the state money
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Texas, USA
 

Description: Pay based on meeting teacher standards
 

Dates: 2003-present
 

Country: Finland
 

Name;
 

Description: Extra pay for teachers who increased GSCE results
 

Dates:
 

Country: UK
 

Evaluation:foundthatthestudentsscoredonaveragehalfaGCSEpointmorethanequivalentpupilstaught
 

Bythesameteachersbeforethesystemwasputinplace.
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Colorado, USA Evidence strongly suggests that the pay for performance program was a "catalyst for change that benefits all students and teachers.
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Israel-study found that pay for performance initiatives had a positive impact on student achievement -led to improved teaching methods, increased after-school tutoring, and better responsiveness to students' needs.
 

Desired: individuals who are doing outstanding work are recognised
 

Undesired:Promotes competition not collaboration among teachers
 

Bonus pay for extra activities
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:USA- additional salary stipends for responsibility for an activity after school, such as yearbook or sports but the supervision of students between classes
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

No absence Bonus
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:India-ThePublicReport onBasicEducation(PROBE)convincinglyshowedthatone-thirdofthehead teacherswereabsent in India on a given day

Africa-
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Physical Environment
 

Description: Improvement inthe physical facilities
 

#p#分頁標題#e#

Purpose:
 

Dates:

 

Country:India-was a factor that influenced motivationlevels. Cleanliness, transport, furniture, drinking water and toilets (for women teachers) - the list was fairly long
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Grants for classroom or school project
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:UK-ASTA can apply for a grant to improve a specific aspect of a school
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Bonus for rural schools
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:Australia-
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Instructional Support
 

Ongoing Professional Development
 

Payment towards a Qualification
 

Name:ProComp
 

Description: Evaluates and compensate teachers based on a number of factors, including degrees and professional development units obtained
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country::Denver, USA
 

Evaluation: At least 100 studies in the past decade have documented that highly skilled, highly effective teachers help students learn more
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

In service Training Courses
 

Name: Teacher Empowerment -a program sponsored by the United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF).
 

Description: improve the school environment by tapping into school-level resources, administrative support and to boost teachers' morale, self-esteem that, in turn, boosts student enrolment and attendance.
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country: India
 

Name: Joyful Learning
 

Description: involves child-centred activities and promotes active learning practices by motivating children and teachers to like learning, and teachers to adopt active learning activities in the classroom.
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Accredited CPD
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Time off for University courses
 

Description:#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Coaching and Mentoring support
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Book Clubs
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Career Development
 

Promotion
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Excellent teachers/Lead teachers
 

Name: Advanced Skills Teacher/SpecialistClassroomTeacherfor SecondarySchools
 

Description: Promotion without leaving the school for an administration post. Teachers spend 20% of time helping teachers in other schools /NZ$6,500supplement

Purpose:To keep excellent teachers in schools; share good practice
 

Dates:/ 2006 pilot
 

Country: UK/New Zealand
 

Name: Pedagogical Excellence Award
 

Description: Award granted after requires pass in a written assessment of pedagogical and content knowledge and submission a portfolio.
 

Purpose: To reward excellent teachers

Country: Chile
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Materials
 

Guide books for instructional purposes
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Textbooks and other materials
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Resources
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Desired:
 

Undesired:
 

Working Conditions
 

#p#分頁標題#e#

Class Size
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Planning Time
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Health and safety
 

Description:
 

Purpose:high absenteeism is traced to poor motivation and working conditions )
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Comfort
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Praise/Recognition
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Teaching aides/assistants
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Adequate breaks
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Administration Support
 

Description:
 

Purpose:
 

Dates:
 

Country:
 

Khazanah Incentives for School Staff: A Proposal of Bespoke Options
 

The program provides increments in compensation based on increased knowledge and skills, professional evaluation, willingness to fill hard-to-staff positions or teach in hard-to-serve schools, and reaching specified student growth objectives, including performance on the state exams, and other incentives related to school- wide distinguished performance.
 

Tying increases in teacher compensation to student achievement appears to provide incentives
 

To teachers to look actively for ways to improve their performance that might have been available before the incentives were offered, and that their interest in actively taking advantage of such op- opportunities increases.
 

Evaluation These methods are most effective when they are accompanied by professional development programs, the support of school leadership, accurate and reliable reporting of student achievement, and strong feedback mechanisms.3
 

A list of proposals suitable for Trust schools can be found below. There is a variety of options included with each so that costs can be reduced or increased as needed by Khazanah to ensure maximum impact. Incentives should be discussed in focus groups with selected school staff in both rural and non-rural schools to ensure school staff voice has been heard with relation to incentives.#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Start up- research shows change management requires motivation
 

Whole School Based-research shows whole school based incentives create collaboration and cooperative learning
 

Lateral Awards-evidence show competition between schools is healthy
 

Individual Rewards-each person is motivated differently. Some people who have gone beyond the call of duty deserve to be recognised and rewarded. As long as competition is not within a school, there should be no negative impact
 

Abstract: Teachers at the start of the project need motivation and incentive to 'buy-in' to a new way of working which inevitably will be harder and take more time and effort but should result in greater job satisfaction and better results for children in the long run. In order to begin to ask teachers to engage the following options are suggested:
 

Phase: Project Start-up
 

Name: Khazanah School Tool Kit
 

Targeted at: Whole school staff
 

Results in: job satisfaction; pride; buy-in
 

Details:A branded 'tool box' given to each new Trust school staff member complied with basic equipment (phase or job specific) and personalised to the school/subject needs

For example, art materials, pens, whiteboard markers, stickers, papers...could include laptops and other items to improve technology
 

Forms to request for immediate funding from a Khazanah Emergency Fund for small items with set limits per item and per school (e.g. up to 100 ringgit per item and up to 1000 ringgit per term) that will impact immediately
 

Khazanah Teacher Portfolio-a branded portfolio designed for teachers and head teachers to keep their evidence base in an orderly fashion in order to effect some of the changes to teaching and learning that are required
 

Materials: Welcome letter, Khazanah branded items- e.g. hat, notepad, pen (All staff)

Principals above plus laptop;
 

Teachers also kit for the class with markers, pens, stickers, art materials; (to document

evidence)
 

Schools-digital camera to document evidence x 3;
 

Approximate cost: Laptops x 10; Cameras x30;
 

Evaluation:
 

Phase: Start -up
 

Name: Khazanah School Environment Grant
 

Targeted at: Whole school
 

Results in: better learning environments;
 

Details:
 

Materials: Cash; Guidance booklet
 

Approximate cost:
 

Evaluation:
 

Abstract: Teachers in trust schools will be encouraged to work at a level above the current Ministry standards. In order to motivate teachers to move forward and to give recognition an Award will be bestowed on those teachers/head teachers who meet the Trust school standards. All teachers/head teachers should aim for this award nearly all teachers should receive this award in due course#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Phase: Ongoing
 

Name: Khazanah Teacher, Master Teacher Awards; Principal/Master Principal Awards
 

Targeted at: All teaching staff
 

Results in: Recognition, pride, a valuable qualification,
 

Details:Additional elements added to Performance Standards to aspire towards being a Khazanah teacher/master teacher/Principal or Master Principal
 

Document booklet will be provided with full details of application process with forms and exemplification
 

Annual Regional Khazanah Award ceremony where awards are bestowed
 

Each teacher/principal who meets the standards receives a certificate and pin to be worn at school
 

A choice of reward includes:
 

For Teachers:
 

Two-day external Professional Development course
 

Write up in the Khazanah Trust newsletter
 

A copy of a book on Best Practices in teaching
 

Cash reward
 

For Master teachers:
 

Laptop
 

Payment towards a Masters Unit
 

Attendance at a Regional conference
 

Speaker at Khazanah Leadership conference
 

For Principal:
 

Laptop
 

Malaysia Study visit to Best Practice schools in country (one week)
 

Payment towards Masters Unit
 

Attendance at a Regional conference
 

For Master Principals
 

Option of paid sabbatical after 7 years
 

International Study visit (one week)
 

Payment towards two units of a Masters/PhD
 

Speaker at Khazanah Principal's conference
 

Materials: Detailed manual including application forms; pins, CPD
 

Approximate cost:
 

Evaluation:
 

Phase:
 

Name: Khazanah Excellent Practice Research Scholarships
 

Targeted at
 

Results in: Local knowledge, recognition, new skills
 

Details:Teacher links with a local university -contacts would need to be negotiated with Khazanah /Nord Anglia
 

University provides basic information on research in this area
 

Cover may be needed for teachers classes
 

Teacher implements or observes a change in classroom with support from university
 

Forms, training and procedures will be created to support this process#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Research to be published on Khazanah Trust schools Portal or newsletters
 

Small grants maybe available up to 1000 ringgit for teachers research needs
 

The Research Office reviews all proposals for eligibility. Those requests that qualify are given to the Research Council for competitive review and evaluation. The Research Council will provide a prioritized list of recommendations for funding to the Vice President for Research, based on the quality of the proposals as reflected in the review criteria. The Vice President for Research will make award decisions based on recommendations and available funds.
 

The Research Office reviews all proposals for eligibility. Those requests that qualify are given to the Research Council for competitive review and evaluation. The Research Council will provide a prioritized list of recommendations for funding to the Vice President for Research, based on the quality of the proposals as reflected in the review criteria. The Vice President for Research will make award decisions based on recommendations and available funds.
 

Funds from the General Research Fund (GRF) are awarded to faculty for research that is not otherwise supported by organized or directed programs. The intent of the GRF is to enable faculty to carry out scholarly, creative work that should lead to the pursuit of other funding sources, or promote the development of scholarly activities. Projects funded through the GRF could include: pilot research, emergency funding, emerging research opportunities, new research field or new research field for investigator, developing research laboratories, or centrally-shared research resources.
 

Materials: Funding for university grants; cash
 

Approximate cost: 20,000 $US
 

Evaluation:
 

Abstract: Cover is an issue uncovered during the baselining process. In other countries, we have found similar issues. Creating a system that rewards teachers for cover could incentivise teachers to take classes.
 

Phase:
 

Name: Khazanah Cover Teacher Points System
 

Targeted at
 

Results in: safe and secure environment for students
 

Details:A cover timetable is produced for each school
 

Teacher receive points for each cover lesson done
 

Documents and procedures will be provided for this process
 

At end of month or end of term teachers choose from the list below based on points
 

Ten cover lessons: Flash drive and educational book
 

20 cover lessons: Voucher to buy supplies
 

30 cover lessons: Sponsorship to go to a Conference
 #p#分頁標題#e#

Materials: flash drives; books; vouchers; conference fees
 

Approximate cost:
 

Evaluation:
 

Khazanah Academic Targets Award
 

Creates: whole school buy-in, teamwork, improved results
 

Each school receives specific yearly targets based on data from baselining visits
 

Schools have progress meetings with Cluster Managers each quarter to discuss improvements towards targets
 

Schools that meet targets receive:
 

Schools that meet over 60% of targets: Grant for 5000 ringgit towards one of the following initiatives: school library, ICT integration, improvement of school environment or another justifiable initiative in the school
 

Schools that meet over 80% of targets: Grant for 10000 ringgit towards one of the following initiatives: school library, ICT integration, improvement of school environment or another justifiable initiative in the school
 

Schools that meet all targets: Grant for 25000 ringgit towards one of the following initiatives: school library, ICT integration, improvement of school environment or another justifiable initiative in the school
 

In addition: all staff receive certificates, school trophy, award ceremony; recognition in Khazanah newsletters etc.
 

Khazanah Education Conference
 

Creates: Professional responsibility
 

Each school is to contribute to the presentations by electing a staff member to run a workshop showing good practice from their school
 

Each Principal presents a journey through the changes in their own school
 

Conference details to be planned and organized by Nord Anglia (e.g. Hearts and minds)
 

International speaker
 

Travel costs to conference
 

Also leadership conference for School Principals
 

Khazanah School Grant Awards
 

Creates: initiative to improve areas of the school
 

Each school may apply for up to 2 grants per academic year
 

Grants will be to a maximum amount
 

Booklet and application procedures and process, evaluation to be provided
 

Grants can be for any initiative that is likely to improve student achievement and/or wellbeing
 

Every school has the opportunity of being selected to receive a grant
 

Lateral Awards-Across Trust school incentives
 

Abstract: A range of awards to promote competition and incentive across the trust schools is needed. For each proposal accepted a Booklet will be designed with the criteria, application process and evidence base needed.#p#分頁標題#e#
 

Most Improved school
 

Most Improved teacher
 

Best Leader Award
 

Khazanah Most Improved Trust School Award
 

Best Community Involvement
 

Best Parental Support programs
 

Most supportive school -supporting others within the Trust
 

Advanced Khazanah School Award
 

Abstract: This is a highly prestigious award given only to schools that are outstanding and still continuing to improve and a model for others. As the trust schools grow in number in each year, these schools will be used to visit, share good practice and lead others. Pride and recognition in the community and the Trust school group are the reward for this achievement.

For Principals:
 

Salary Scale Adjustments
 

Creates: equity and equality in working conditions; retaining of staff
 

Principals salaries reviewed in each school and top up salaries provided bespoke to schools to ensure that principal is on a higher scale than other staff; in small schools, principals can reach higher pay scales and they are not limited to Ministry scales