新西蘭國際貿易留學生本科essay范文參考：The effects of economic globalization to Brazil’s economy

 

Since January 1995, Brazil joined into WTO, the economic globalization made the Brazil into the mainstream of the global economy, As the economic globalization, it has a large number effect to the Brazil, particularly the economy of Brazil, actually the economic globalization has duality, and on the one hand the economic globalization has positive effect, improve the productivity and the global economic development, on the other hand, it has negative effect, such as the unrest of country. Naim,M(2013)for the Brazil, the economic globalization has made the Brazil has large economic growth and improve the living standards of people, the country giant was awarded both the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics, while it also cause the problems, such as unrest. The economic globalization has become the trend of social development, this essay will analysis the effect of economic globalization to Brazil’s economy. 

 

The economic globalization brings a lot of positive economic impact to the Brazil’s economy, the detail as follow: 

 

Firstly, Brazil has a huge market, it made many countries want to invest Brazil, the economic globalization promote the production factors the free flowing and optimal on a global scale, Brazil has become the thirdly important foreign direct investment country and net capital inflows country. The foreign direct investment of Brazil increase from 32.78billion $ in 2000 to 76.11billion $ in 2012, and the compound annual growth average is 7%. China, United States, European Union etc all invest in Brazil. Large scale introduction of foreign capital has a huge contribution to the meet domestic demand for capital. 

自1995年1月，巴西加入WTO ，經濟全球化使巴西成為全球經濟的主流，隨著經濟全球化，巴西有大量效果，尤其是巴西的經濟，實際上是經濟全球化的二重性，一方面經濟全球化有積極的作用，提高了生產率和全球經濟的發展，另一方面，它有負面效應，如國家的動蕩。納伊姆，M （2013年）為巴西，經濟全球化已使巴西具有巨大的經濟增長和改善人民的生活水平，國巨被授予2014年世界杯和2016年夏季奧運會，同時，它也導致的問題，如動蕩。經濟全球化已成為社會發展的趨勢，本文將分析經濟全球化的影響，巴西的經濟。

 

經濟全球化帶來了很多積極的經濟影響到巴西的經濟，細節如下：

 

首先，巴西擁有龐大的市場，許多國家希望投資巴西，經濟全球化促進了生產要素的自由流動和優化在全球范圍內，已成為巴西的第三重要的外國直接投資國和資本凈流入國。在2012年增加了巴西的外國直接投資從2000年的32.78billion $到76.11billion美元，年復合增長率為7％。中國，美國，歐盟等都在巴西投資。大規模引進外國資本有著巨大的貢獻，以滿足國內對資金的需求。#p#分頁標題#e#

 

Secondly, the economic globalization improves the commodity exchange among of international, enlarge the market, and promote the international trade. the foreign trade has become the important growth point of Brazil’s economy. The foreign trade becomes the important way to stimulate the economy. Brazil export the oil, iron ore, soybeans and coffee, while import the electronics, household appliance, textile etc. The country is a typical export-oriented economy. The export of Brazil increase from 5.5trillion $ in 2000 to 24.26trillion in 2012, the compound annual growth average is 13%, the import of Brazil increase from 5.58trillion $ in 2000 to 22.3trillion in 2012, the compound annual growth average is 12.2%. in 2012, the trade balance of Brazil is 1.94trillion $. 

   Table: the Foreign Trade of Brazil

　 Export of Brazil($) Import of Brazil($) Trade Balance of Brazil($)

2000 55,085.60 55,835.01 -749.41 

2001 58,222.00 55,573.00 2,649.00 

2002 60,360.00 47,242.00 13,121.00 

2003 73,083.00 48,290.00 24,794.00 

2004 96,474.00 62,834.00 33,640.00 

2005 118,307.00 73,590.00 44,716.00 

2006 137,808.00 91,352.00 46,455.00 

2007 160,650.00 120,621.00 40,026.00 

2008 197,941.00 173,199.00 24,745.00 

2009 152,996.00 127,704.00 25,289.00 

2010 201,914.00 181,768.00 20,145.00 

2011 256,039.00 226,242.00 29,795.00 

2012 242,580.00 223,152.00 19,428.00 

Data resource: IBGE

 

Table :the FDI of Brazil

　 FDI of Brazil($)

2000 32,779,239,699.75 

2001 22,457,353,372.25 

2002 16,590,204,193.11 

2003 10,143,524,670.99 

2004 18,165,693,855.28 

2005 15,066,291,734.98 

2006 18,782,215,423.14 

2007 34,584,901,025.14 

2008 50,716,402,711.00 

2009 31,480,931,700.00 

2010 53,344,632,547.00 

2011 71,538,657,409.00 

2012 76,110,663,189.00 

 

Data resource: IBGE

Thirdly, due the economic globalization, it made the Brazil economy integration into global economy system, the Gross Domestic Product of Brazil increase from 644.7billion $ in 2000 to 2.25trillion in 2012, and the compound annual growth average is 11%, in 2012, the GDP of Brazil is 2.25trillion $, ranked seventh of global, increase 0.87%. the living standard of people also improve, the GDP per capita of Brazil was 3696.15%, then increased to 11339.52$ in 2012, and become to the moderately developed country. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

Table 1 the GDP of Brazil from 2000 to 2012

　 GDP of Brazil ($) Growth GDP per Capita($)

2000 644,701,831,101.39 4.31% 3,696.15 

2001 553,582,178,386.19 1.31% 3,129.76 

2002 504,221,228,974.04 2.66% 2,812.33 

2003 552,469,288,267.79 1.15% 3,041.68 

2004 663,760,000,000.00 5.71% 3,609.88 

2005 882,185,291,700.90 3.16% 4,743.26 

2006 1,088,917,279,411.76 3.96% 5,793.40 

2007 1,365,982,651,542.37 6.09% 7,197.03 

2008 1,653,538,618,100.00 5.17% 8,622.71 

2009 1,620,165,227,000.00 -0.33% 8,373.34 

2010 2,143,035,333,300.00 7.53% 10,978.09 

2011 2,476,652,189,900.00 #p#分頁標題#e# 2.73% 12,575.98 

2012 2,252,664,120,800.00 0.87% 11,339.52 

             Data resource: IBGE

Figure 1:the CPI of Brazil

 

Data resource: IBGE

Fourthly, the economy globalization introduction the new, advanced technologies, the foreign companies would bring the advanced technologies into the Brazil, Brazil can learn and digest these technologies, then take a innovation to technologies. The quickly development economy of Brazil attract many talents to the Brazil, particularly the high-tech talent, actually the Romer(1990)found the economic globalization promotion the technology innovation, improve the technology level of host country. The technical premium effect cans economic growth. Actually the economic globalization also promotion the industrial structure upgrading. The economic globalization cause the technology globalization, which includes technology research and development, technology cooperation, technology management, technology innovation. Yu Zhao Xing(2006)according to the data from IBGE, the number of patent applications increases quickly, the investments of technology also increase, the government of Brazil encourage technological innovation. The economic globalization also strength training and introduction technologic personnel. 

 

Fifthly, as the economic globalization development, more and more foreign companies enter into Brazil, particularly the multinational, at the end of 2012, the multinational in Brazil more than 100thousand. These companies promotion the market competition. In order to acquire the market share, the domestic companies in Brazil will strength the market competitiveness, not only the management, operational capacity, but also technologic innovation ability. 

 

Sixthly, as the economic globalization, it also make the world know Brazil, such as Iron ore, coffee, football etc. it giant was awarded both the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics. Actually in recent years, the international status of Brzil improving gradually. It has been BRIC, and become the representative of emerging market. The international influence become more and more growing. 

 

Brazil has benefit of the economic globalization; while it also has s significant impact to the Brazil’s economic, the negative effect as follow: firstly, John W, Dewitt(2011) once economic globalization, it will strength the relations between the Brazil’s economy and word economy, in order to promotion the growth of economic, and enlarger the foreign investment, Brazil deregulation, which include the finance regulate and international trade regulated, then cause the global economic risks, once the domestic economic exists problem, the foreign capital will evacuate from Brazil, then happen the economic crisis. In 2008, the financial crisis also affects the economy of Brazil. so when others countries happen some crisis, due to the economic globalization, it will also affect the Brazil. secondly, when large of multinational influx into Brazil, it will divide up domestic market, intensified competition, some domestic companies will bankruptcy and insolvency. Actually, in the beginning of Brazil joined into WTO, they were many domestic companies bankruptcy, higher unemployment, and then cause many social problem, such as inflation. The larger gap between rich and poor, not only in Brazil, but also between Brazil to others countries. All of these social problem lead to social unrest very easy, just as the Naim,M(2013). Thirdly although the economic globalization promotion international trade, while it causes the frequent international trade friction, enlarger the regional differences, the anti-dumping and trade barriers made the export good of Brazil was blocked, particularly the European Union always propose technical barriers and environment requirements, it not benefit to the export of Brazil. the international trade condition worsening, cause the growth of Brazil’s economic appears pauperization, not be able to share the benefit of economic globalization. Fourthly, Helen E S. #p#分頁標題#e#

Nesadurai(2006) found the economic globalization may cause the economic security, even the foreign capital can control the national economic. the economic globalization weaken the national economic sovereignty. The foreign companies enter into many industries, due to the imperfect law and the weak competition of domestic companies, the foreign companies will occupy the important position in the Brazil’s economy, even threaten the economic security, some important economic industries has foreign companies, such as grid, communicate, Iron ore industry. Fifthly, the economic globalization may damage the environment; particularly the foreign companies mainly acquire the raw materials from Brazil, and build some manufacture in Brazil, which produce the low value-added products, these may high pollution, high energy consumption. The environment pollution has made the resident of Brazil dissatisfied, even happen demonstrations and unrest. 

 

In summary, the economic globalization has some positive effect to the economics of Brazil, it also has some negative effect to the economics of Brazil. actually the positive effects are more than the negative effects, so the economic globalization can promotion the growth of economic of Brazil totally. For the positive effect, the government of Brazil should encourage and keep, while for the negative effects, it should take some measures to perfect, improve the function of FDI, increase the high value-added production, strength the competition of domestic companies, promotion the technologic innovation, make the export market diversification. Only in these way the economic globalization can promotion the growth of Brazil’s economic. 

 

Reference

[1]Casas-Zamora, Kevin. “Brazil: Poster Boy of Globalization Charts Own Course.” YaleGlobal. April 9 2010.

[2]Dani, Rodrik, the new global economy and developing countries:making openness work, ODC policy essay No.24.Washinton DC: Overseas Development council, 1999. 

[3]len E S. Nesadurai, Globalization and economic security in East Asia, New York: Routledge,2006.

[4]Joseph E Stiglitz, Globaliztion and its discontents, W, W, Norton and Company,2004.

[5]John W, Dewitt. Early globalization and economic development of United States and Brazil. January 12th 2011. 

[6]Naim,M. In Brazil, Turkey, and Chile, Protest follow economic success. Bloomerg Businessweek, Retrieved from http://www.businessweek,com/articles/2013-06-27.

[7]Prada, Paulo. “For Brazil, It’s Finally Tomorrow.” Wall Street Journal. March 29, 2010.

[8]Romer P.Endogenous Technological change, Journal of Political#p#分頁標題#e#

Economy.1990,98,71-102.

[9]Yu Zhaoxing. The effect of economic globalization to technologic development. Journal of Latin American Studies. Vol.28.No3, 2006.