經濟全球化蔓延至世界每個角落,科學技術革命也隨著加速發展,給公司帶來了機遇和挑戰。人力資源成為最有價值的財產,對任何一公司的發展和生存與否有著最具決定性影響。所以,當我們面對機遇與挑戰時,我們需要對人力資源有一定的了解,在工作上具有創新力,有一個較高的技術水平,而不僅僅是體力勞動。從“共享綠色”看來，社會勞動力有顯著的改善，大多數是工人,以“白領”為主。在1880年,大約9/10的勞動是體力勞動,如今,這個數字減少至1/5的人是以體力勞動為主，而另外4/5的勞動者是靠知識技能的。
 
In condition of economic globalization is happening quickly all over the world, along with the development of the accelerated pace of scientific and technical revolution and technology, companies are faced to chances and challenges posed by the revolution brought. Human resources are become the most valuable assets, the most important and most decisive for survive and development of any company. So, when we implement about this problem, we need to understand that human resources have the knowledge, skills at a high level, that creative work rather than labor empirical muscle. Social work force there has been a marked improvement from the workers' share green "is mostly the workers," white collar "is primarily. During 1880, approximate 9/10 labors is manual labors, nowadays, this number decreases 1/5 and 4/5 labors are knowledge labors.
 
The explosion of information and knowledge with the current breakneck speed makes the employees and organizations more easily in solving their problem. But, information and knowledge overload are become burden. Thus, finding and managing knowledge are very necessary to organizations in practices. And nowadays, knowledge management is consider as a trend in management of organizations
 
信息和知識管理的本質是什么？—What is the nature of information and knowledge management?
 
Before discussing knowledge management, a brief discussion is given about the Knowledge and knowledge management, I want to discuss briefly about data, information:
 
Now, I begin with data, What is data? Data is the data layer exists in the knowledge of different storage types: paper, computer file, ... Data and clear information exists and can be encoded and transmitted easily. Data is becomes information when it is analyzed, sorted, and placed in a general context and can become aware of the recipient. Information is data associated with a contact or a purpose. Information into knowledge when it is used for comparison and evaluation of outcomes, establish contacts and conduct a dialogue. Information is data in the context that it can use for decision making. The data are sorted to create meaning for the recipient; it could be text, images, film, or a conversation with another person. Knowledge is information that someone was armed. Knowledge means knowledge about a certain topic, the potential to use it on a certain goal. The uncertainty of the memory limits the reliability of knowledge about the past, while the occurrence of unpredictable events again limits the reliability of knowledge about the future.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Knowledge today is considered a business strategy effectiveness of each organization. So the formation and knowledge management is critical. So that every organization needed to keep knowledge to maintain their advantages and positions. The common attitude of most people is to hold on to one's knowledge since it is what makes him or her an asset to the organization. Today, knowledge is still considered power - an enormous power in fact - but the understanding has changed considerably, particularly from the perspective of organizations. New model of each organization is now mutual knowledge sharing among employees to the organizational development. That is the key to knowledge management - knowledge sharing.
 
In general, there are two types of knowledge: tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is that stored in the brain of a person. Explicit knowledge is that contained in documents or other forms of storage other than the human brain. Explicit knowledge may therefore be stored or imbedded in facilities, products, processes, services and systems. Both types of knowledge can be produced as a result of interactions or innovations. They can be the outcome of relationships or alliances. They permeate the daily functioning of organizations and contribute to the attainment of their objectives. Both tacit and explicit knowledge enable organizations to respond to novel situations and emerging challenges.
 
A survey in 2001 indicated that: "26% average in the organization of knowledge stored in documents (papers, books, documents), 20% is stored digitally, and stored in 42% of the workers"
 
Why do we need knowledge? As you known, during the period of employment, we find for each position, individual positions, employers are required to make the match as: age, gender, experience.. And most qualified. Why are qualifications important conditions that the employer give?
 
Understanding the qualities and abilities of each person is a very difficult job, need more time, knowledge and professional qualifications. The main qualification is to represent the qualities and abilities of each person. But it is not always accurate (because there are many cases buy - fraudulent degrees), but look at each one degree achieved, people will have an overall assessment and pre-qualification and that person's qualifications. Thus, diploma as evidence of knowledge.
 
Persons who have knowledge capacity, qualifications, knowledge, experience and skills at work, in life. Therefore the intellectuals who often have to act wisely and scientific method. Thus they are likely to be people would notice and opportunity to them also higher.
 
Together, explicit and tacit knowledge constitute the organization's information capital. Collective knowledge in an organizational context results from the brokerage of information among individuals in a continuous process of transforming data into information and converting tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. So it becomes more important to transform tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
I have an example to explain about data, information and knowledge. I will use an example with using a saving account in a bank relates with principal, interest and interest rate:
 
Data: I have two numbers such as 1000 or 8%, completely out of context, are just pieces of data. Interest, principal, and interest rate, out of context, are not much more than data as each has multiple meanings which are context dependent.
 
Information: If I establish a bank savings account as the basis for context, then interest, principal, and interest rate become meaningful in that context with specific interpretations. Principal is the amount of money, $1000, in the savings account. Interest rate, 8%, is the factor used by the bank to compute interest on the principal.
 
Knowledge: If I put $1000 in my savings account, and the bank pays 8% interest yearly, then at the end of one year the bank will compute the interest of $80 and add it to my principal and I will have $1080 in the bank. This pattern represents knowledge, which, when I understand it, allows me to understand how the pattern will evolve over time and the results it will produce. In understanding the pattern, I know and what I know is knowledge. If I deposit more money into my account, I know that I will earn more interest, while if I withdraw money from my account; I know that I will earn less interest.
 
According to example, we can see that Knowledge is the key to success for each process operation of the organization. So organizations need to make the reasonable, timely and use the appropriate tool to promote all the interests and efficiency of knowledge in the organization.Thus, the management of knowledge is very necessary in every organization. However, what is knowledge management? And why must knowledge management.
 
Knowledge management is a process, an effective management tool to share, capture, storage, selection, creativity and knowledge to provide the right person, right place, right time to raise the efficiency of decision the effective implementation and adaptability of the organization. Knowledge management is essentially a process of promoting innovation, initiation of ideas, thoroughly exploited wealth of knowledge in the organization, and is a process of sharing, developing and keeping voters way to provide continuity in time, right place and right person for the purpose of making quick decisions make breakthrough progress. Knowledge management is becoming a global trend. The position of this nascent sector governance has been confirmed by the success of many worlds leading Group in the application. Based on the knowledge management philosophy, values and spiritual matter, only profits and market value of companies using the corporate world has made admirable.
 
Why knowledge management? In my opinion, knowledge is becoming more important than ever. the information explosion has reached its peak. From the individual needs, the increasing demand for the exchange, sharing and innovation in many areas has led to the need for knowledge management. An individual or an organization that will be underdeveloped when they don't receive knowledge. And once the number of knowledge is too large and complex collection of knowledge will become difficult if not know how to administer a rigorous and reasonable. Therefore, knowledge management has gradually become an essential method in the management of all activities of individuals and organizations.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
The importance of knowledge management in the organization and how effectively implement knowledge management can create competitive advantage.
In my thinking, knowledge management is a framework within which the organization control and check all its processes and strategies as knowledge management processes. In this view, all business management processes affect creativity, popularity, innovation, existence and application of knowledge management toward organizational.
 
Knowledge management contribute to improve decision-making institutions. In this day and age, information is no longer the exclusive property and use that ability to turn information into knowledge into new products as factors to the success of the business. Business opportunities are always only one. Organization decision fastest and most accurate will be the winner. But in the decision making process, most organizations have a problem the lack of information, lack of facilities and lack the knowledge to make decisions. But with knowledge management all these obstacles will be removed. So knowledge management is a process, an effective management tool to share, capture, storage, selection, creativity and knowledge to provide the right person, right place, right time to improve Results decisions, effective implementation and adaptability of the organization.
 
在工作場所實行知識管理流程—Implement knowledge management processes in the workplace
 
Knowledge begins with an understanding of business operations, and each point of the operation of the organization. An organization operates inefficient because they do not have the unity of knowledge and the business strategy. So knowledge management must be combined with an understanding of business processes
 
In my opinion, to successfully implement knowledge management is to know how to use appropriate knowledge and manage it effectively. Because knowledge is only useful when it is placed in proper context and used for proper purposes
 
Steps for implementing an effective knowledge management program or practice are:
 
1. Identifying knowledge - Organizations need to capture and understand the source of knowledge, should be carefully stored, to be able to easily use and share as needed
 
2. Organizing Knowledge - Once knowledge has been identified. it is essential that organizations need to identify any necessary knowledge, knowledge that is not necessary to guide management activities for the organization. Organizations need to understand the difference between tacit and explicit knowledge.
 
3. Transforming Knowledge - Knowledge to transform the organization is always easier to decide and build but the new strategy. Knowledge need to be received, applied and shared effectively.
 
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4. Measuring knowledge benefits - Success is the best result for each process of knowledge management. The measurement process and effective implementation will be made through the organization's revenue. So the control for each process of knowledge management should be closely and effectively#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Thus, knowledge management program can even be implemented if the organizations understand the purpose of investment and acquisition opportunities where possible.
 
知識管理的生命周期—Knowledge management life cycle
 
Knowledge management is essentially a process of promoting innovation, initiation of ideas, thoroughly exploited wealth of knowledge in the organization, and is a process of sharing, developing and keeping voters way to provide continuity in time, right place and right person for the purpose of making quick decisions make breakthrough progress.
 
There are many approaches and different definitions depending on perspective and methods of the individual or entity. These include a management and learning of individuals and organizations, communication, technology and information systems, artificial intelligence, intellectual property, ... No one definition or approach unity of knowledge management at all, but can contain the all-encompassing. management including human knowledge, the ways and processes, operations, technology and a wider environment to promote the format, creativity, communication or sharing, and use of personal knowledge personnel as well as knowledge of the organization. It is about the management processes to create, distribute and use knowledge to achieve organizational goals. It requires a combination of business awareness, attitude and creative practices, systems, policies and procedures designed to liberate the power of information and ideas.
 
The tools can furthers be classified into knowledge creation, knowledge incretion, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization.
 
The various steps are described here:
Knowledge Creation - Knowledge creation consists of two types: explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is knowledge that a person can be an unconscious self. Tacit knowledge cannot explain or argue, because tacit knowledge is not understood clearly, it is familiar, through automatic and conscious wearer. For example: confidence, experience and sensitivity in their work ...And explicit knowledge is the explanation and knowledge are encoded by text, documents, audio, video and images through words or language are not words, rule systems, programs computer, standard or other means. These knowledge structures can be showed out and easy transfer. For example, knowledge about specializations is presented in textbooks, books, newspapers, magazines ...
 
Knowledge Storage - In successful organizations, knowledge has always been considered as the most valuable asset. Therefore, knowledge has always been stored and closely managed in the archive. Decisions related to knowledge made by the organization.
 
Knowledge Sharing - Knowledge management is a method to create an organization with the personal dynamic, a structure continuous learning system with high adaptability. Overcome the limitations of traditional modes of governance, knowledge management helps an individual in the organization constantly learning, making the lazy employees into creative people knowledge continually. Based on shared criteria and evaluation of knowledge contribution, knowledge management creates incentives to create cultural sharing among member organizations, promoting the study factors and organizational learning throughout life of the business.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Knowledge Utilization - This is final goal of knowledge practice. Knowledge will gradually lose its value if it is not used with its potential and its intended purpose. The more knowledge is created as knowledge is applied and utilized.
 
In the knowledge economy, job creation, transmission, storage, development and use of knowledge is the dominant activity of all economic activities, science and technology are productive forces directly. Theories of human governance are gradually replaced by knowledge management theory. The practice of knowledge management is done will help to businesses and the economy flourished.
 
總結—Conclusions:
 
Knowledge which is not natural, it requires the creation and sharing. Therefore, organizations need to clearly define the elements of knowledge to manage effectively. In particular, the factors to be concerned that people, processes and technology. Human knowledge creation and use of knowledge to work create value. Thus, organizations need to create an environment in which new knowledge creation, shared skills, promote good ideas and creativity of employees, promote employees demonstrate knowledge hidden. Assigned the responsibilities of the members of the unit will help the organization's capacity to appreciate each person; there are specific policies for each group to manage labor. Constantly external training and internal training for employees to raise the qualifications and skills of workers.