許多公司專心于實施知識管理辦法，但大多數公司對開始自己的知識管理方案感到緊張。制藥公司的業績主要取決于研究和發展（R&D）。它是一個時刻關注即將推出的關于產品的新想法、新概念、新公式和關于公司的新服務的行業，所以在制藥行業的業績上知識管理處于最重要的地位，畢竟研發完全依賴于知識。

知識管理戰略和做法如何對組織效績產生影響？

客觀

*要確定同一個組織內KMPs和財務業績間直接和緊密的關系。

問題陳述

減少醫藥行業在研發上的投資，并通過知識管理做法來提高行業業績，分析這樣的做法帶來的影響。

個人和組織越來越意識到這個事實：知識是一種重要的組織資源，可以提供一個超越競爭對手的優勢。

意義

這項研究在很多方面都有很大的意義，首先，在研究方面和制藥行業上，它是一個相對較少的探索領域。
 

Many companies concentrate to executing knowledge management methods but the majority are tense about starting their own Knowledge management programs.The performance of pharmaceutical firms mostly depends upon Research and Development (R&D), it is the department of a company concerned with coming up new ideas, concepts and formulae for new products and services for the company so Knowledge Management is the most important for the performance of the pharmaceutical company because R&D is totally depend upon knowledge.

 

知識管理戰略和做法如何對組織效績產生影響？——How knowledge management strategies and practices affects on organization performance?
 

客觀——Objective
 

* To identify the direct and strong relationship of KMPs and financial performance within an organization.

 

問題陳述——Problem statement
 

Analyze the effects of less investment in the R&D in the pharmaceutical industry and by improving industry performance through knowledge management practices

 

Individuals and organizations are increasingly realizing the fact that knowledge is one of the major organizational resources that can give an edge over the competitors

 

意義——Significance
 

This research is significant in many ways; First of all it is relatively a less explored area for research and new product The Pharmaceuticals Industry.#p#分頁標題#e#

 

More over this Study helps to find a positive and direct relationship between KMPs and Financial performance

 

Such objective may be achieved by developing a KM strategy to help the Organization to maintain or reestablish its competitive advantage.

 

合理——Rational
 

Knowledge management (KM) is becoming the basic or new concept in new business practices or development of any organization performance.

 

There are number of researchers conducting the research and doing work on identifying and investigating the factors that affects and co relate the knowledge management and its financial performance towards Organizations and new product development because innovative performance is very important in numerous industries and more important for pharmaceutical industry.

 

So realizing that KM is a valuable instrument in improving performance.

 

文獻綜述——LITRATURE REVIEW
 

"Pharmaceuticals are the substances that are aimed to treat, cure, prevent or recognize diseases and relieve pains through their applications or improve their performance by using knowledge management practices."

 

Fugate,E,A.(2009) stated that a shared interpretation of knowledge among operational personnel mediates how knowledge is disseminated and used to design operational response to that knowledge.

 

分享知識的交流是獨立變量——Communication to share knowledge is independent variable
 

Formation of new ideas of new ideas through interaction between explicit and tacit knowledge in individual human mind

 

Kunarawadu.(2008) , uhlaner,E,A.(2007), choi & lee.(2000), marques and simo,N.(2006) kasim.(2008) Found that there is a positive relationship between communication to share knowledge and organization performance. Knowledge creation, knowledge internalization on the operational side and customer side all are positively related to the importance of the financial performance. Knowledge management to the success creation innovative efforts in small companies KM can give business opportunities. Organization can achieve strategic economic benefits of KM from effective KM processes such as creation and sharing.

 

在研發上的投資是獨立變量——Investment in R&D is independent variable
 

Ability to experiment and create new knowledge and organization performance is included in R&D (research and development) Marque,S and simo,N.(2006) ,zack,E,A.(2009), kasim.(2008), Kharabsheh,R & Magableh,I & Sawadha,S.(2012) found that there is a positive relationship between ability to create experiment and create new knowledge Stated that knowledge acquisition at the organizational level are a prerequisite for successful organization performance and seeks to explore the role of KMPs and competencies in achieving superior performance among organization.#p#分頁標題#e#

 

Knowledge capturing and acquisition and organization performance is also include in R&D Choi, Poon & Davis.(2008), zack,E,A.(2009), kumarawadu.(2008) found that KM education and training can give business opportunities to improve productivity, product quality, flexibility, employee relationships, effective knowledge creation utilization to achieve their cost , quality and time targets. Can gain competitive advantage to sustain their business.

 

培訓和能力發展和組織績效——Training and competences development and organization performance.
 

Uhlaner,E,A.(2007), yang.(2010), choi,E,A.(2008), kasim.(2008), yang.(2010), found that there is a positive relationship between training and competences development and OP. Leadership is the most significant and positive relationship with KM process performance.KM input strategies related to knowledge acquisition are positively turnover growth.

 

政策和知識管理策略和組織績效——Policies and strategies of Knowledge Management and organization performance
 

Simo,N.(2006), Nielsen.(2007), fugate,E,A.(2009) found that there is a positive relationship between policies and strategies of knowledge management and organization performance. Knowledge creation and transformation play significant roles in enabling knowledge management initiative in the organization and will increase the potential of gaining competitive advantage for the organization.

 

客戶滿意度和知識管理實踐——Customer satisfaction and Knowledge Management practicies
 

Customer Satisfaction is dependent variable. Customer satisfaction means when we use effective communication channels to create relationship with customer n get positive response from our customers to provide products according to their needs.

 

Marque,S and simo,N.(2006) ,zack,E,A.(2009), kasim.(2008), Kharabsheh,R & Magableh,I & Sawadha,S.(2012) identifies Customer Satisfaction as dependent variable to measure Organisation Performance and there is positive relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Knowledge Management Practices.

 

方法——METHDOLOGY
 

理論框架——THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 

獨立變量——Independent variables
 

知識管理實踐——Knowledge Management Practices
 

交流——Communication
 

在研發上的投資——Investment in R&D
 

培訓和能力發展——Training and competences development#p#分頁標題#e#
 

政策和知識管理策略——Policies and strategies of KM
 

不獨立的變量——Dependent variable
 

組織績效——Organizational performance

顧客滿意度——Customer satisfaction→
 

假設——HYPOTHESIS
 

If communication is improve than Organization Performance will also improve

 

If investment is increases in R&D than Organizational Performance will also improve

 

If training and competences development increases than organization performance will also increase

 

If policies and strategies of KM improve than organization performance will also improve

 

討論結果——Results and Discussion
 

In methodology of research paper we are using the regression to prove the variation between dependent n independent variables

 

Y is function of X that is:

 

Y= f(x)

 

It means X is independent variable where as Y is dependent on X. if X variable is change than Y is automatically change

 

In this research paper Customer Satisfaction is dependent up on Knowledge Management Practices like Communication, Investment in R&D, Training and competences development, Policies and strategies of KM

 

Regression equation is

 

Y= a + bx than

 

Organization Performance of Pharmaceutical Industry = f(Knowledge Management practices)

 

OP of Pharmaceutical Industry = α0+ α KMP's

 

在制藥行業的情況下，我們的發現是：——In the case of Pharmaceutical industry our findings are:

OP of Pharmaceutical Industry = .911 + .600KMP's

 

Standard Error = 0.133 + 0.081KMP's

 

t stat = 6.812 + 7.369KMP's

 

P-value = 0.000 + 0.00KMP's

 

Regression Statistics

 

Multiple R

 

0.601102285

 

R Square

 

0.361323957

 

Adjusted R Square

 

0.354671081

 

Standard Error

 

0.076430261

 

Observations#p#分頁標題#e#

 

98

 

R Square=0.3613 which means 36.13% variation in Organizational Performance of Pharmaceutical Industry is caused by Knowledge Management Practices

 

F

 

Significance F

 

54.3109456

 

5.97971E-11

 

Significance of Model: F Value=54.31 which is greater than 1.96 and Significance f =0.00 is less than 0.05which shows that model is statistically significant at 95% level of Confidence.

 

 
 

Coefficients

 

Standard Error

 

t Stat

 

P-value

 

Intercept

 

0.911874474

 

0.133854245

 

6.812443

 

8.38628E-10

 

X Variable 1

 

0.600261257

 

0.081451039

 

7.369596

 

5.97971E-11

 

Significance of Coefficient: in the above table it is shown that Knowledge Management Practices t stat value=7.369 is greater than 1.96 and its P value is 0.000 is less than 0.05 which means investment is significant at 95 % level of confidence and all other variables are insignificant

 

結論與建議——Conclusion and Recommendations
 

In this research findings are very accurate and helpful. The main purpose of research was to find the positive effects of Knowledge Management on organizational performance of pharmaceutical industry. According to this research pharmaceutical industry will increase the performance of the organization by using KM practices like they use effective communication channels to direct communicate with their colleagues as well as with different departments, they invest more in R&D for innovations and creativity because the survival of pharmaceutical industry depends upon innovations, in pharmaceutical industry to develop training skills of employees to attain the objectives and goals of the organization with the help of specialized trainer, the development of strategies and policies of KM will also very effective for organization performance

 

All these variables are very effective for organization performance of pharmaceutical industry because pharmaceutical industry is knowledge base industry but if we see Pakistan's pharmaceutical industry about more than 600 companies are working and the growth of pharmaceutical companies is 29% which show the pharmaceutical sector can grow more effectively by using km practices .#p#分頁標題#e#