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The Outline of South Africa

1.Instruction
I would like to choose South Africa, Because this year's World Cup held in South Africa, By watching the World Cup, I am curious about South Africa. South Africa is a mysterious place which is the most well-known national in Africa.

2.Physical Geography
Area: 1.2 million sq. km. (470,462 sq. mi.).
Coordinate: Ranged from 22 degrees to 35 degrees south latitude and 17 degrees                                                                   east longitude and 33 degrees
Cities: Capitals--administrative, Pretoria; legislative, Cape Town; judicial, Bloemfontein. Other cities--Johannesburg, Durban, Port Elizabeth.
Terrain: Plateau, savanna, desert, mountains, coastal plains.
Climate: moderate; comparable to southern California.
• Location and Landforms
According to my research, South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a 2,798 kilometers (1,739 mi) coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. South Africa is located at the southernmost region of Africa, with a long coastline that stretches more than 2,500 km (1,553 mi) and along two oceans (the South Atlantic and the Indian). At 1,219,912km2. .South Africa has an area of 472,281 square miles (1,223,208 square kilometers). It lies at the southern end of the African continent, bordered on the north by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland; on the east and south by the Indian Ocean; and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. The independent country of Lesotho lies in the middle of east central South Africa.nSecondly, the interior of South Africa is a vast, flat, and sparsely populated scrubland, the Karoo, which is drier towards the northwest along the Namib desert. In contrast, the eastern coastline is lush and well-watered, which produces a climate similar to the tropics. Thirdly, 
• Climate
South Africa has a generally temperate climate, due in part to being surrounded by the Atlantic and Indian Oceans on three sides, by its location in the climatically milder southern hemisphere and due to the average elevation rising steadily towardshttp://www.ttc-switch.com/dissertation_sample/ the north (towards the equator) and further inland. The climate in South Africa is tropical steppe climate in most parts of the east coast of tropical humid climate, the southern coast of the Mediterranean climate. Divided into four seasons climate throughout the 4th quarter. December ~ January for the summer, maximum temperatures can reach 32 ~ 38 ℃; 6 ~ 8 months is winter, minimum temperature of -10 ~ -12 ℃. Annual precipitation of 1,000 mm from the east to the west gradually reduced to 60 mm, an average of 450 mm. Pretoria annual average temperature of 17 ℃.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
• Mountains and rivers:
South Africa is big sky country, with its vast mountain ranges and their ragged peaks falling into lush green river valleys. Take a tour of our more dramatic scenery. Throughout most of the more than 600 meters above sea level altitude. Stretching southeastern Drakensberg Mountains, Cass up to 3660 m Everest, the highest point of the country; northwestern desert, is part of the Kalahari Basin; northern, central and southwestern plateau;Orange River and the Limpopo River are two major rivers.
• Vegetation:
South Africa is ranked sixth out of the world’s seventeen megadiverse countries, with more than 20,000 different plants, or about 10% of all the known species of plants on Earth, making it particularly rich in plant biodiversity. The most prevalent biome in South Africa is the grassland, particularly on the Highveld, where the plant cover is dominated by different grasses, low shrubs, and acacia trees, mainly camel-thorn and whitethorn. Vegetation becomes even more sparse towards the northwest due to low rainfall. There are several species of water-storing succulents like aloes and euphorbias in the very hot and dry Namaqualand area.
• Resources:
South Africa is rich in a variety of minerals. In addition to diamonds and gold, the country also contains reserves of iron ore, platinum, manganese, chromium, copper, uranium, silver, beryllium, and titanium. No commercially exploitable deposits of petroleum have been found, but there are moderate quantities of natural gas located off the southern coast, and synthetic fuel is made from coal at two large plants in the provinces of Free State and Mpumalanga.
3.Population
• Population Concentrations
From the book of Human Geography- Chapter 2, I know two-thirds of the world’s inhabitants are clustered in four regions -East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Western Europe. the world’s population's clustering can be displayed on a cartogram, which drows the size of countries according to population rather than land area.
• Population Density
According to Chapter 2 in Human Geography, density as the number of people occupying an area of land, can be computed in several ways, including arithmetic density, physiological density, and agricultural density.
• Population Pyramid
A population pyramid is a country's population displayed by age and gender in a groups on a bar graph. "A population pyramid normally shows the percentage of the total population in 5-year age groups, with the youngest group(0 to 4 years old）at the base of the pyramid and the oldest group at the top. The length of the bar represents the percentage of the total population contained in that group." That is what I have known from the textbook.
Nationality: Noun and adjective--South African(s).
Population (2010): 49.99 million. Composition--black 79.4%; white 9.2%; colored   8.7%; Asian (Indian) 2.7%.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
Annual population growth rate (2009): 1.2%.
Languages: Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Sepedi, Sesotho,   Setswana, siSwati, Tshivenda, and Xitsonga (all official languages).
Religions: Predominantly Christian; traditional African, Hindu, Muslim, Jewish.
Education: Years compulsory--7-15 years of age for all children. The South African Schools Act (Act 84), passed by Parliament in 1996, aims to achieve greater educational opportunities for black children. This Act mandated a single syllabus and more equitable funding for schools.
Health: Infant mortality rate (2010)--47 per 1,000 live births. Life expectancy--55.2 yrs. women; 53.3 yrs. men.
As to South Africa, South Africa is a nation of diversity, with over 49-million people and a wide variety of cultures, languages and religious beliefs.
According to the mid-2010 estimates from Statistics South Africa, the country's population stands at 49.9-million, up from the census 2001 count of 44.8-million.
Africans are in the majority, making up 79.4% of the population, while white people make up 9.2%, the coloured population 8.8%, and the Indian/Asian population 2.6%.
Population: 49,109,107 (July 2009 est.)
Growth rate: -0.051% [1]Birth rate: 19.61 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Death rate: 16.99 deaths/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Life expectancy: 49.2 years (2010 est.)
–male: 50.08 years (2010 est.)
–female: 48.29 years (2010 est.)
Fertility rate: 2.33 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 43.78 deaths/1,000
Age structure:
0-14 years: 28.9% (male 7,093,328/female 7,061,579)
15-64 years: 65.8% (male 16,275,424/female 15,984,181)
65-over: 5.4% (male 1,075,117/female 1,562,860) (2010 est.)

10. Bibliography:

• Text book: Human Geography, James M.Rubenstein.
• website:
Physical Geography:

Population:

Population Pyramid:

Migration:

Languages:

History and Political Geography:

Urbanism:

Development Polices

Agriculture:

Industries and Services

Environmental concerns

Globalization trends
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