近年來，留學(xué)所選專業(yè)中，商科多年來一馬當(dāng)先的地位逐漸被逐漸壯大的理工科留學(xué)生群體動(dòng)搖。但是，身為理工科學(xué)生，除了要克服極高的語言，即大量英文專業(yè)詞匯的門檻，如何寫作專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)性的科研Assignemnt也成為了一個(gè)困難但又至關(guān)重要的挑戰(zhàn)。
如何將長(zhǎng)時(shí)間科研所獲結(jié)果融入research report研究報(bào)告中？最重要，研究報(bào)告或其它科研相關(guān)的階段性assignment正式、學(xué)術(shù)化的提交格式應(yīng)該是怎樣的？在本篇文章中，我們借用學(xué)術(shù)網(wǎng)站”NMU Writing Center“的寫作建議，提出一個(gè)專供科研向assignment的寫作九部法，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的寫作有所啟發(fā)。

1. Select a relatable topic (if you're given an option): Choose something you're interested in or curious about.  Researching your information will be more enjoyable and you'll write with more enthusiasm.
1.選擇一個(gè)相關(guān)的話題(如果你有一個(gè)選擇):選擇一些你感興趣或好奇的東西。搜索你的信息會(huì)更有趣，你也會(huì)更有熱情的寫作。
2. Make an outline: This will give you a "blueprint" for your paper and keep your writing organized.  See the Writing Center's handout on outlining if you need a sample.
2.列一個(gè)大綱:這將給你的dissertation一個(gè)”藍(lán)圖“，讓你的寫作有條理。如果你需要提綱，可以參考寫作中心的講義。
3. Consider a form of prewriting: Try writing note cards out with your ideas on them, or mapping your ideas with a web diagram, or just talking your ideas through by yourself or with a friend.  These steps will help your organization and creativity, which in turn will help you avoid plagiarism. If you are somewhat uncertain of what the paper's focus will be, conducting a broad area of research can be beneficial in narrowing a topic and selecting a specific area of preference.
3.考慮一種預(yù)寫的形式:試著把你的想法寫在便簽上，或者用網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖來描繪你的想法，或者僅僅是通過你自己或與朋友討論你的想法。這些步驟將有助于你的組織和創(chuàng)造力，從而幫助你避免抄襲。如果你有點(diǎn)不確定dissertation的重點(diǎn)是什么，進(jìn)行廣泛的研究領(lǐng)域可以縮小主題和選擇一個(gè)特定領(lǐng)域的偏好是有益的。如果你需要提綱，可以參考寫作中心的講義。
4. Develop a Thesis: A thesis statement introduces the topic and primary focus of the overall paper. While this can seem somewhat daunting, it is imperative to develop at least a rough thesis before endeavoring to write the paper. It should be noted, however, that a thesis can be manipulated throughout the writing process to better suit the purpose of a paper. Prewriting and research are necessary accompaniments when composing a potential thesis statement.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#
4.發(fā)展dissertation:dissertation陳述介紹整個(gè)dissertation的主題和主要焦點(diǎn)。雖然這看起來有點(diǎn)讓人氣餒，但在寫dissertation之前，至少擬定一個(gè)大致的dissertation是必要的。然而，值得注意的是，dissertation可以在整個(gè)寫作過程中進(jìn)行修改，以更好地適應(yīng)dissertation的目的。寫作前和研究是必要的伴隨，當(dāng)構(gòu)成一個(gè)潛在的dissertation論述。
 

1. Use transitions: Transitions should be a mix of the last sentences/ideas you wrote and what you're going to say next.  See the Writing Center's handout on transitions for some ideas and sample phrases.
5.使用過渡語:過渡語應(yīng)該是你寫的最后的句子/觀點(diǎn)和你接下來要說的內(nèi)容的混合體。請(qǐng)參閱寫作中心的過渡材料，獲得一些想法和示例短語。
2. Balance your use of paraphrases, quotes, and your own sentences: A higher ratio of paraphrases and your own sentences over direct quotations is the academic ideal (an excess of quotes can compromise the quality of the paper and indicate a lack of understanding and/or effort). When using a direct quote, it will be expected that you know why and how it relates to your topic.  Remember to avoid plagiarism – you need to cite any ideas that do not come from you.  This will include paraphrases, quotes, and even some of your own sentences that are based on ideas in your sources.
6.平衡你的轉(zhuǎn)述，引用和你自己的句子:較高的轉(zhuǎn)述和你自己的句子比直接引用的比例是學(xué)術(shù)理想(過多的引用會(huì)降低dissertation的質(zhì)量，表明你缺乏理解和/或努力)。當(dāng)使用直接引語時(shí)，你應(yīng)該知道它為什么和如何與你的主題相關(guān)。記住要避免抄襲——你需要引用任何不是出自你之手的觀點(diǎn)。這包括釋義，引用，甚至是你自己的一些句子，這些句子都是基于你的資料來源的觀點(diǎn)。
3. Keep a list of your sources: There are few things more frustrating than having to track down a source weeks after you first accessed it.  To save yourself time and potential frustration, keep a running bibliography as you write; cite each source as you use it.  That way you'll have all the information you need right in front of you.
7.列出你的資源列表:沒有什么比在你第一次訪問一個(gè)資源的幾周后還要去追蹤它更令人沮喪的了。為了節(jié)省你的時(shí)間和潛在的挫敗感，在寫作的時(shí)候準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)流動(dòng)的參考書目;引用每一篇文章的出處。通過這種方式，你將擁有所有你需要的信息在你面前。
4. Know your style standards: Go into the paper knowing whether you're writing in MLA, APA, or another style.  Check a handbook or another reference for in-text citation styles, works cited/references page styles, and heading or title page formats.  Even page number standards change between MLA and APA, so be sure you're familiar with the style and its conventions. You should also be aware of what style edition is required of the assignment; some professors prefer older editions, whereas others utilize the most recent.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#
8.了解你的文體標(biāo)準(zhǔn):進(jìn)入dissertation時(shí)，要知道你是用MLA、APA還是其他文體寫作。檢查手冊(cè)或其他參考文獻(xiàn)的文本引用樣式、著作引用/參考文獻(xiàn)的頁面樣式以及標(biāo)題或標(biāo)題頁格式。即使是頁碼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在MLA和APA之間也會(huì)有所變化，所以一定要熟悉其風(fēng)格和慣例。你還應(yīng)該知道essay需要什么樣的風(fēng)格版本;一些教授更喜歡使用舊版本，而另一些教授則使用最新版本。
5. Produce your finalized title last: Titles can be limiting; your writing can stray away from original thoughts.  You can only be sure that your title is tailor-made for your paper if you compose it after the paper is complete.  Note that some writers feel this approach works best for them concerning introductory paragraphs, concluding paragraphs, and thesis statements as well.
9.最后制作你的最終作品:標(biāo)題長(zhǎng)度是有限的;你的寫作可能會(huì)偏離最初的想法。只有在dissertation完成后再寫，你才能確定你的標(biāo)題是為你的dissertation量身定做的。請(qǐng)注意，有些作者覺得這種方法在開頭段落、結(jié)束語段落和主題陳述中效果最好。
 

學(xué)術(shù)dissertation的寫作從來沒有容易之說，所以在文章的最后，小編想對(duì)同學(xué)們說，本文只是提供一個(gè)大方向性的指導(dǎo)，寫好一篇科研向assignment真正的訣竅還是在于多看多練和寫好后的不斷打磨。只有同學(xué)們的Assignment寫作能力真正得到提高之后，才能真正整體提高Assignment分?jǐn)?shù)，甚至篇篇沖到A+。