留學(xué)dissertation代寫1. The establishment
2The Meaning
Sketch: 3.The affiliated department and operation
4.The status, the core(核心內(nèi)容) and the essence
5. The advantages and disadvantage
1, The establishment
Among Americans reflecting on new political arrangements in the latter half of the eighteenth century, no political authority was invoked more often than "the celebrated Montesquieu." Thanks in some measure to those Americans themselves; the name of Montesquieu is firmly attached to the doctrine(教義學(xué)說) of the separation of powers. But like most teachings of that subtle mind, this one has its ambiguities and invites differing interpretations. It is with a view to political liberty that separation of powers is necessary. By political liberty Montesquieu meant "a tranquility of mind arising from the opinion each person has of his safety." Men's minds cannot be at rest if two or three of the kinds of governmental power are held in the same hands.

The experiences under the early state constitutions and the Articles of Confederation reinforced the belief in separation. Jefferson's critique of the Virginia Constitution raised the familiar concerns with safety and efficiency; both to establish free principles and to preserve them once established required a division and balance that went beyond those embodied in existing arrangements. Despotism is no less despotic because "elective."
2. The Meaning
In order to limit the powers, the country divides governmental authority into three branches: legislative, executive and judiciary. And they are related each other and restricted each other. According to this principle to organize the affiliated department and exercise rights of the countries.
3 The affiliated department and operation
1. Central governmental organization
-----the Legislature, the Executive, The Judiciary

2. Relationships-----equal and independent
Legislative power Congress
Executive power the president
Judicial power The Federal Judiciary

 

4.The status, the core(核心內(nèi)容) and the essence

? Status---It is the basic principle of organization and operation of United States Federal

? Core ---the powers of separation, restriction and balance.

? Essence ---It is the bourgeois democracy system. (資本階級(jí)民主制度)

留學(xué)dissertation代寫5. The advantages and disadvantage
The Positive effects (advantages)
(1) Against feudalism(封建主義)
(2) Maintenance(維護(hù)) of democracy
(3) Adjustment of the internal contradictions(矛盾) of bourgeois(資產(chǎn)階級(jí))
The Negative effects (disadvantages)
(1) Separation and balances are the internal of bourgeois’ (資產(chǎn)階級(jí))allocation(分配) of rights
(2) The three organs of State power to shift the responsibility(互相扯皮) lead to the effectiveness of ground.
(3) The separation of powers in practice is difficult to implement real.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

If the goal is liberty--that is to say, individual safety--the model to follow (Montesquieu suggested) is that of the English constitution portrayed in his pages. But one might pursue an alternative goal with more or less separation of powers and more or less happiness--like "the monarchies we are acquainted with."